October 2013 - P2P-Foundation - lists.ourproject.org

Fwd: [Commoning] THREE DAYS OF GLOBAL NETWORKS, DIGITAL CULTURE AND DISTRIBUTED POLICY IN BARCELONA
by Michel Bauwens 23 Oct '13

23 Oct '13

---------- Forwarded message ---------- From: Chapullers OrsanS <orsan1234(a)gmail.com> Date: Wed, Oct 23, 2013 at 2:19 PM Subject: [Commoning] THREE DAYS OF GLOBAL NETWORKS, DIGITAL CULTURE AND DISTRIBUTED POLICY IN BARCELONA To: Discussion list about the WSF < worldsocialforum-discuss(a)openspaceforum.net>, " networkedlabour(a)lists.contrast.org" <networkedlabour(a)lists.contrast.org>, commoning <commoning(a)lists.wissensallmende.de> http://snuproject.wordpress.com/2013/10/23/three-days-of-global-networks-di… nglish translation, you can find here bambuser.com/channel/CivilSC or if your country ban Bambuser LIVE here http://civilsc.net/stream best, orsan _______________________________________________ Commoning mailing list Commoning(a)lists.wissensallmende.de http://lists.wissensallmende.de/mailman/listinfo/commoning -- P2P Foundation: http://p2pfoundation.net - http://blog.p2pfoundation.net <http://lists.ourproject.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/p2p-foundation>Updates: http://twitter.com/mbauwens; http://www.facebook.com/mbauwens #82 on the (En)Rich list: http://enrichlist.org/the-complete-list/

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Fwd: [IP] MIT Tech Review: The Decline of Wikipedia
by Michel Bauwens 23 Oct '13

23 Oct '13

---------- Forwarded message ---------- From: james burke <lifesized(a)gmail.com> Date: Wed, Oct 23, 2013 at 1:35 PM Subject: Fwd: [IP] MIT Tech Review: The Decline of Wikipedia To: Michel Bauwens <michel(a)p2pfoundation.net> MIT Tech Review: The Decline of Wikipedia http://j.mp/1a6l6UL (MIT) "Yet Wikipedia and its stated ambition to "compile the sum of all human knowledge" are in trouble. The volunteer workforce that built the project's flagship, the English-language Wikipedia-and must defend it against vandalism, hoaxes, and manipulation-has shrunk by more than a third since 2007 and is still shrinking. Those participants left seem incapable of fixing the flaws that keep Wikipedia from becoming a high-quality encyclopedia by any standard, including the project's own. Among the significant problems that aren't getting resolved is the site's skewed coverage: its entries on Pokemon and female porn stars are comprehensive, but its pages on female novelists or places in sub-Saharan Africa are sketchy. Authoritative entries remain elusive. Of the 1,000 articles that the project's own volunteers have tagged as forming the core of a good encyclopedia, most don't earn even Wikipedia's own middle-ranking quality scores. The main source of those problems is not mysterious. The loose collective running the site today, estimated to be 90 percent male, operates a crushing bureaucracy with an often abrasive atmosphere that deters newcomers who might increase participation in Wikipedia and broaden its coverage." - - - --Lauren-- Lauren Weinstein (lauren(a)vortex.com) http://www.vortex.com/lauren Co-Founder: People For Internet Responsibility: http://www.pfir.org/pfir-info Founder: - Network Neutrality Squad: http://www.nnsquad.org - PRIVACY Forum: http://www.vortex.com/privacy-info Member: ACM Committee on Computers and Public Policy Lauren's Blog: http://lauren.vortex.com Google+: http://google.com/+LaurenWeinstein Twitter: http://twitter.com/laurenweinstein Tel: +1 (818) 225-2800 / Skype: vortex.com _______________________________________________ nnsquad mailing list http://lists.nnsquad.org/mailman/listinfo/nnsquad Archives <https://www.listbox.com/member/archive/247/=now> <https://www.listbox.com/member/archive/rss/247/6508916-345ab7e1> | Modify<https://www.listbox.com/member/?member_id=6508916&id_secret=6508916-49e8c799>Your Subscription | Unsubscribe Now<https://www.listbox.com/unsubscribe/?member_id=6508916&id_secret=6508916-13…> <http://www.listbox.com> -- Web: www.lifesized.net Phone:+31 (0)6 5244 6445 Twitter: @lifesized -- P2P Foundation: http://p2pfoundation.net - http://blog.p2pfoundation.net <http://lists.ourproject.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/p2p-foundation>Updates: http://twitter.com/mbauwens; http://www.facebook.com/mbauwens #82 on the (En)Rich list: http://enrichlist.org/the-complete-list/

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"Utopian" text on a world of peer production
by Christian Siefkes 23 Oct '13

23 Oct '13

Hi all, the English translation of my most utopian text so far is now completely online: Looking backwards from a peer-productive future -- how strange and ugly things used to work in capitalism! Comments and reposts welcome :) Free Sources or Why Production No Longer Worries Us: http://keimform.de/2013/free-sources-1/ Best regards Christian -- |-------- Dr. Christian Siefkes ------- christian(a)siefkes.net -------- | Homepage: http://www.siefkes.net/ | Blog: http://www.keimform.de/ | Freie Quellen oder wie ...: http://keimform.de/2013/freie-quellen-1/ |--------------------------------------- OpenPGP Key ID: 0x346452D8 -- In the long run, making programs free is a step toward the post-scarcity world, where nobody will have to work very hard just to make a living. -- Richard Stallman, The GNU Manifesto

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Fwd: "Life stances and intrinsic value"
by Michel Bauwens 23 Oct '13

23 Oct '13

---------- Forwarded message ---------- From: Dante-Gabryell Monson <dante.monson(a)gmail.com> Date: Wed, Oct 23, 2013 at 3:55 AM Subject: "Life stances and intrinsic value" To: "econowmix(a)googlegroups.com" <econowmix(a)googlegroups.com>, " global-survival(a)googlegroups.com" <global-survival(a)googlegroups.com> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrinsic_value_%28ethics%29 Life stances and intrinsic value This is a table which attempts to summarize the main intrinsic value of different life stances <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_stance> and other views, although there may be great diversity within them: Further information: Life stance#Values and purposes<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_stance#Values_and_purposes> Life stance and other views Main intrinsic value Moral nihilism<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_nihilism> None Humanism <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanism> human flourishing<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_flourishing> Environmentalism <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmentalism> non-human life flourishing Feminism <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminism> feminine values flourishing Multiculturalism<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiculturalism> flourishing of cultural values beyond one's own Hedonism<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedonism> pleasure <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleasure> Eudaemonism<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eudaemonism> human flourishing <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_flourishing> Utilitarianism<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utilitarianism> utility <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility> (classically and usually, happiness <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happiness> or pleasure<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleasure>and absence of pain) Rational deontologism <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deontologism> virtue<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtue>or duty Rational eudaemonism, or tempered Deontologism both virtue and happiness combined[4]<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrinsic_value_%28ethics%29#cite_note-4> Situational ethics <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situational_ethics> love<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love> Buddhism <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism> wisdom leading to Enlightenment <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Buddhism> -- P2P Foundation: http://p2pfoundation.net - http://blog.p2pfoundation.net <http://lists.ourproject.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/p2p-foundation>Updates: http://twitter.com/mbauwens; http://www.facebook.com/mbauwens #82 on the (En)Rich list: http://enrichlist.org/the-complete-list/

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Fwd: [opennetcoalition] Major Loopholes in Privacy Regulation - Parliament Must Stand For Citizens
by Michel Bauwens 22 Oct '13

22 Oct '13

---------- Forwarded message ---------- From: La Quadrature du Net <jz(a)laquadrature.net> Date: Mon, Oct 21, 2013 at 8:48 PM Subject: [opennetcoalition] Major Loopholes in Privacy Regulation - Parliament Must Stand For Citizens To: opennetcoalition(a)laquadrature.net Themes: EUROPEAN DATA PROTECTION, PRIVACY, EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, JAN PHILIPP ALBRECHT, LOOPHOLES La Quadrature du Net – For immediate release Permanent link: http://www.laquadrature.net/en/major-loopholes-in-privacy-regulation-parlia… Major Loopholes in Privacy Regulation - Parliament Must Stand For Citizens *** Strasbourg, 21 October 2013 — The “Civil Liberties” (LIBE) Committee had just voted its report on Data Protection, led by Jan Philipp Albrecht [1]. Despite some improvements, major loopholes – especially on “legitimate interest” and “pseudonymous” data – and the adoption of the secrete tripartite negotiation mandate (trilogue) could make the final text totally ineffective at protecting citizens. During these forthcoming negotiations, representatives of the Parliament should secure strong safeguards for citizens fundamental right to privacy. *** By adopting compromise amendments 6 [2] and 20 [3], members of the “Civil Liberties” (LIBE) Committee, responsible of this matter, introduce the risk to make the whole legislation completely ineffective, despite the progress made tonight – explicit consent principle have for example been mantained. The Members of the LIBE Committee also made the very disturbing choice of accept the secrete tripartite negotiations [4] requested by the rapporteur Jan Philipp Albrecht. The text will now be modified behind closed doors, between the European Commission, the European Parliament and the Council (ministers from the Member States) . The latter could use untransparent negotiations to annihilate all the positive provisions of this Regulation, leading to a weak and dangerous final version of this legislation. To begin these negotiations in this way will undermine the European Parliament's position, and reduce the chance of public debate and citizen mobilisation. In absence of democratic and transparent debate, the representatives of the European Parliament in these opaque negotiations should make sure that the achievements for strong safeguards for citizens' fundamental right to privacy are protected, even if that means postponing the adoption of the final Regulation. It will be better to have a real protection of European citizen privacy at the end of a long process, than a dangerous weak text before the next European election. The Parliament must seize the occasion of plenary vote to remove the dangerous loopholes opened by today's vote. “Even though today's vote marks some advances for the protection of privacy, it introduces major loopholes that could make the whole Regulation ineffective. However, the regrettable choice of the LIBE Committee to enter into secrete tripartite negotiation could significantly weaken the Regulation. Representatives of the European Parliament will have to weigh in all along the negotiation process to make sure that the fundamental right of European citizen to privacy is fully protected.” concluded Miriam Artino, policy analyst for the citizen organisation La Quadrature du Net. * References * 1. https://memopol.lqdn.fr/europe/parliament/deputy/JanPhilippAlbrecht/ 2. This compromise may turn the “legitimate interest” exception into the main legal basis for processing, depriving citizens of any prior control (such as explicit consent) over how their personal data are processed. ( http://www.edri.org/files/eudatap/06COMPArticle06.pdf) 3. This compromise would void any protection against profiling based on “pseudonymous” data. But “pseudonymous” data may still be easily attributed to data subjects through further processing. Thus, any profiling based on such data must stay under data subjects' control. ( http://www.edri.org/files/eudatap/20COMPArticle20.pdf) 4. https://www.laquadrature.net/en/data-protection-regulation-la-quadratures-v… ** About la Quadrature du Net ** La Quadrature du Net is an advocacy group that defends the rights and freedoms of citizens on the Internet. More specifically, it advocates for the adaptation of French and European legislations to respect the founding principles of the Internet, most notably the free circulation of knowledge. In addition to its advocacy work, the group also aims to foster a better understanding of legislative processes among citizens. Through specific and pertinent information and tools, La Quadrature du Net hopes to encourage citizens' participation in the public debate on rights and freedoms in the digital age. La Quadrature du Net is supported by French, European and international NGOs including the Electronic Frontier Foundation, the Open Society Institute and Privacy International. List of supporting organisations: https://www.laquadrature.net/en/they-support-la-quadrature-du-net ** Press contact and press room ** Jérémie Zimmermann, jz(a)laquadrature.net, +33 (0)615 940 675 http://www.laquadrature.net/en/press-room _______________________________________________ Opennetcoalition mailing list Opennetcoalition(a)laquadrature.net https://laquadrature.net/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/opennetcoalition -- P2P Foundation: http://p2pfoundation.net - http://blog.p2pfoundation.net <http://lists.ourproject.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/p2p-foundation>Updates: http://twitter.com/mbauwens; http://www.facebook.com/mbauwens #82 on the (En)Rich list: http://enrichlist.org/the-complete-list/

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Fwd: FRIDAY: Food Commons Panel talk at the Ostrom Workshop _ Amy Roche, James Farmer, and Richard Wilk; Noon-1:30pm
by Michel Bauwens 22 Oct '13

22 Oct '13

---------- Forwarded message ---------- From: Conway, Ryan Timothy <rtconway(a)indiana.edu> Date: Mon, Oct 21, 2013 at 10:44 PM Subject: FRIDAY: Food Commons Panel talk at the Ostrom Workshop _ Amy Roche, James Farmer, and Richard Wilk; Noon-1:30pm To: "Conway, Ryan Timothy" <rtconway(a)indiana.edu> Cc: "communitycommonsproject(a)gmail.com" <communitycommonsproject(a)gmail.com> Good Afternoon! I'm writing to announce the Community Commons Colloquia for Friday October 11th, Noon-1:30pm. Please distribute this announcement and Flyer to your colleagues, coworkers, departmental listservs, friends, family, and anyone else you think might be interested in learning about the concept of the commons and how academic scholarship, community practice, and social engagement can combine to create both social arrangements and resource-pools with the power to sustain real communities, when faced with failures of the market and the state. Please feel free to attend or to tune-in to the LiveStream to explore, with us, what Lin Ostrom saw as a world "Beyond Market and States" *Community Commons Colloquia* *Amy Roche, James Farmer, and Richard Wilk* * * Present * * *"Food Commons: A Rhetorical Flourish or a Flourishing Practice?"* Date: Friday, October 25th, 2013 Time: Noon-1:30pm Location: The Vincent and Elinor Ostrom Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, 513 N. Park Avenue Live Stream URL: http://www.indiana.edu/~video/stream/liveflash.html?filename=Colloquia Archive Stream URL: http://www.indiana.edu/~video/stream/launchflash.html?folder=video&filename… *Food Commons: A Rhetorical Flourish or a Flourishing Practice?*: The popularization and colloquial use of the term “commons” has been both encouraging and frustrating. From a pedagogical standpoint, the spread of the concept in popular discourse – largely instigated by Elinor Ostrom’s 2009 Nobel Prize award – is encouraging, as the concept can be a stepping-stone into new ways of practicing and thinking about community, economy, and self-governance. However, from an analytical standpoint, this popular diffusion has promoted conceptual confusion: research on “the commons” has a substantial history of academic inquiry, in which many useful clarifications have evolved to inform technical practices of common-pool-resource and common-property governance, legal applications of property rights and dispute resolution, as well as further theoretical development that helps to enhance our understanding of complex problems of resource use and the development of expectation-stabilizing social arrangements. The purpose of this panel is to invite critical reflection on the value of both colloquial and technical concepts of “commons,” specifically as they relate to different aspects of food systems. Our three panelists were invited for the diversity of their expertise: as practitioners, scholars, & IU community members with differing levels of involvement with the Ostrom Workshop. *Amy Roche*<http://www.bloomingtoncommunityorchard.org/site/about/about-the-board/>is Early Childhood educator at Indiana University and is both the Outreach Team Leader and the Chair of the Board of Directors at the Bloomington Community Orchard. She’s a life-long fruit lover and can’t think of much more inspiring than growing and sharing fruit. Amy says she’s here to learn how to do just that, and share what she learns. *James Farmer*<http://info.publichealth.indiana.edu/faculty/current/farmer-james-r.shtml>is an Assistant Professor in the IU School of Public Health. His research focuses on the motivations and barriers to sustainable behavior. I most commonly utilize mixed-methods research designs to examine behavior variables in private land conservation, land trust activities, participation in local food systems, and the human dimensions of sustainable agriculture and rural living. *Richard Wilk* <http://www.indiana.edu/~anthro/people/faculty/wilkr.shtml>is passionately interested in social theory as a means of making connections between fields and problems at different scales, making sense of applied problems and public issues, and informing research design and methodology. Theory is the thread that ties together work which might otherwise seem an odd juxtaposition; modern beauty pageants and the spread of ancient Olmec society, the shortcomings of rational choice theory and the history of Belizean cuisine, or moral talk about television and the global branding of bottled water. His work relates to and connects with topics like Development, Political Economy, and Globalization; History, Narrative, and Power; Gender and Sexuality. *This talk will be followed, in the evening, with a Commons Conversations Potluck at The Banneker Center <http://bloomington.in.gov/banneker>(930 W. 7th St., Bloomington IN) from 6:30pm-9pm. Bring your favorite snack,dish, drink, or dessert and enjoy conversation with old friends and new connections!* In Commons Camaraderie, Ryan T. Conway PhD Student Indiana University Department of Political Science GPSO Representative (2013-2014) CITL Service-Learning Fellow (2013-2014) Community Commons Colloquium Series Coordinator Health Commons Working Group member "New Commons" Working Group Coordinator The Vincent and Elinor Ostrom Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis Rm. 100 505 N. Park Ave Bloomington, IN 47408 Office: 812-855-9512 Cell: 314-520-1176 Fax: 812-855-3150 rtconway(a)indiana.edu -- P2P Foundation: http://p2pfoundation.net - http://blog.p2pfoundation.net <http://lists.ourproject.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/p2p-foundation>Updates: http://twitter.com/mbauwens; http://www.facebook.com/mbauwens #82 on the (En)Rich list: http://enrichlist.org/the-complete-list/

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Fwd: Historical Patterns - Can we ( please ) learn from the past ?
by Michel Bauwens 22 Oct '13

22 Oct '13

---------- Forwarded message ---------- From: Dante-Gabryell Monson <dante.monson(a)gmail.com> Date: Tue, Oct 22, 2013 at 12:40 AM Subject: Historical Patterns - Can we ( please ) learn from the past ? To: In relation to the United States. Europe and much of the world is undergoing similar patterns ( if not at a more "advanced" state ? )... Monday, 21 October 2013 09:34By Chris Hedges<http://truth-out.org/author/itemlist/user/44723> , TruthDig<http://www.truthdig.com/report/page2/lets_get_this_class_war_started_201310…> | Op-Ed http://truth-out.org/opinion/item/19527-lets-get-this-class-war-started It is not a new story. The rich, throughout history, have found ways to subjugate and re-subjugate the masses. And the masses, throughout history, have cyclically awoken to throw off their chains. The ceaseless fight in human societies between the despotic power of the rich and the struggle for justice and equality lies at the heart of Fitzgerald’s novel, which uses the story of Gatsby to carry out a fierce indictment of capitalism. Fitzgerald was reading Oswald Spengler’s “The Decline of the West” as he was writing “The Great Gatsby.” Spengler predicted that, as Western democracies calcified and died, a class of “monied thugs” would replace the traditional political elites. Spengler was right about that. “There are only two or three human stories,” Willa Cather<http://www.willacather.org/about-willa-cather/willa-cather> wrote, “and they go on repeating themselves as fiercely as if they had never happened before.” ... The blanket dissemination of the ideology of free market capitalism through the media and the purging, especially in academia, of critical voices have permitted our oligarchs to orchestrate the largest income inequality gap in the industrialized world. The top 1 percent in the United States own 40 percent of the nation’s wealth while the bottom 80 percent own only 7 percent, as Joseph E. Stiglitz wrote in “The Price of Inequality.” For every dollar that the wealthiest 0.1 percent amassed in 1980 they had an additional $3 in yearly income in 2008, David Cay Johnston explained in the article<http://wweek.com/portland/article-17350-9_things_the_rich_dont_want_you_to_…> “9 Things the Rich Don’t Want You to Know About Taxes.” The bottom 90 percent, Johnson said, in the same period added only one cent. Half of the country is now classified as poor or low-income. The real value of the minimum wage has fallen by $2.77 since 1968. Oligarchs do not believe in self-sacrifice for the common good. They never have. They never will. They are the cancer of democracy. ... The public face of the oligarchic class bears little resemblance to the private face. I, like Fitzgerald, was thrown into the embrace of the upper crust when young. I was shipped off as a scholarship student at the age of 10 to an exclusive New England boarding school. I had classmates whose fathers—fathers they rarely saw—arrived at the school in their limousines accompanied by personal photographers (and at times their mistresses), so the press could be fed images of rich and famous men playing the role of good fathers. I spent time in the homes of the ultra-rich and powerful, watching my classmates, who were children, callously order around men and women who worked as their chauffeurs, cooks, nannies and servants. When the sons and daughters of the rich get into serious trouble there are always lawyers, publicists and political personages to protect them—George W. Bush’s life is a case study in the insidious affirmative action for the rich. The rich have a snobbish disdain for the poor—despite well-publicized acts of philanthropy—and the middle class. These lower classes are viewed as uncouth parasites, annoyances that have to be endured, at times placated and always controlled in the quest to amass more power and money. My hatred of authority, along with my loathing for the pretensions, heartlessness and sense of entitlement of the rich, comes from living among the privileged. It was a deeply unpleasant experience. But it exposed me to their insatiable selfishness and hedonism. I learned, as a boy, who were my enemies. The inability to grasp the pathology of our oligarchic rulers is one of our gravest faults. We have been blinded to the depravity of our ruling elite by the relentless propaganda of public relations firms that work on behalf of corporations and the rich. Compliant politicians, clueless entertainers and our vapid, corporate-funded popular culture, which holds up the rich as leaders to emulate and assures us that through diligence and hard work we can join them, keep us from seeing the truth. “They were careless people, Tom and Daisy,” Fitzgerald wrote of the wealthy couple at the center of Gatsby’s life. “They smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness, or whatever it was that kept them together, and let other people clean up the mess they had made.” Aristotle, Niccolò Machiavelli, Alexis de Tocqueville, Adam Smith and Karl Marx all began from the premise there is a natural antagonism between the rich and the masses. “Those who have too much of the goods of fortune, strength, wealth, friends, and the like, are neither willing nor able to submit to authority,” Aristotle wrote in “Politics.” “The evil begins at home; for when they are boys, by reason of the luxury in which they are brought up, they never learn, even at school, the habit of obedience.” Oligarchs, these philosophers knew, are schooled in the mechanisms of manipulation, subtle and overt repression and exploitation to protect their wealth and power at our expense. Foremost among their mechanisms of control is the control of ideas. Ruling elites ensure that the established intellectual class is subservient to an ideology—in this case free market capitalism and globalization—that justifies their greed. “The ruling ideas are nothing more than the ideal expression of the dominant material relationships,” Marx wrote, “the dominant material relationships grasped as ideas.” -- P2P Foundation: http://p2pfoundation.net - http://blog.p2pfoundation.net <http://lists.ourproject.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/p2p-foundation>Updates: http://twitter.com/mbauwens; http://www.facebook.com/mbauwens #82 on the (En)Rich list: http://enrichlist.org/the-complete-list/

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Fwd: [Networkedlabour] Fwd: <nettime> Christian Fuchs interview by Pasko Bilic on Media studies, Marx, Castells, Jenkins, PRISM, Occupy, etc. etc.
by Michel Bauwens 22 Oct '13

22 Oct '13

---------- Forwarded message ---------- From: Orsan Senalp <orsan1234(a)gmail.com> Date: Tue, Oct 22, 2013 at 1:55 AM Subject: [Networkedlabour] Fwd: <nettime> Christian Fuchs interview by Pasko Bilic on Media studies, Marx, Castells, Jenkins, PRISM, Occupy, etc. etc. To: networkedlabour(a)lists.contrast.org Begin forwarded message: *Resent-From:* nettime(a)kein.org *From:* "Patrice Riemens" <patrice(a)xs4all.nl> *Date:* 21 oktober 2013 23:09:34 CEST *Resent-To:* Nettime <nettime-l(a)kein.org> *To:* nettime-l(a)kein.org *Subject:* *<nettime> Christian Fuchs interview by Pasko Bilic on Media studies, Marx, Castells, Jenkins, PRISM, Occupy, etc. etc.* *Reply-To:* a moderated mailing list for net criticism < nettime-l(a)mail.kein.org> Original to: http://fuchs.uti.at/959/ ?Castells and Jenkins: ? these approaches are terribly flawed?: An interview with Christian Fuchs Conducted by Pasko Bilic First published on the Sociologija Media Blog An interview covering topics such as critical media and communication studies, media sociology, interdisciplinarity, Karl Marx, social theory, the digital labour theory of value, social media, the Internet, Manuel Castells, Henry Jenkins, PRISM and global surveillance, Occupy and media reforms. 1) What first got you interested in media and communication studies? My background is social informatics and I was interested in computing. On the other hand, I come from Austria where we have a far-right party ? the FP?? that has been very strong for many decades and they were using media for spreading right-wing extremist ideologies. J?rg Haider was not just a right-wing extremist political and ideological phenomenon, but also a media spectacle. So I was interested in how the media are used for disseminating these ideologies. Austria has one of the highest media concentrations in the press sector and a tabloid called KronenZeitung which has often supported these extremists and their racist propaganda. So my interests were on the one hand computing and its implications for society and on the other hand media and ideology. Also, my academic background is very interdisciplinary because besides my PhD in informatics I did my habilitation in ICTs and Society within the Faculty of Cultural and Social Sciences at the University of Salzburg. Most of my life I have worked in interdisciplinary departments. Of course media and communication is in itself interdisciplinary. For example, I recently looked at the special issue of the Journal of Communication from 1983 called ?Ferment in the Field? where scholars discussed whether Media and Communication Studies was a discipline, a field, or even isolated ˝frog ponds˝ which was actually one of the views expressed by the Swedish scholar Karl Erik Rosengren. What makes up the interdisciplinarity of Media and Communication Studies were for example media economics, critical communication studies, political communication, media psychology, etc. 2) How did your interests change over the years and how do you see the field of media and communication studies today? My interest in computing and media ideology did not change. Of course the media landscape changes, and the context in which the media are situated changes. There are differences between how the World Wide Web looked like in the nineties with the first hypertext systems and what it looks like now. Now there are ?social media? which are in reality not that new although the appearance has changed. We are now also in a big economic and societal crisis. But the field in general has always been rather administrative, serving dominant interests. On the other hand there has always been some basis in the critical thinking of the Frankfurt school, British cultural studies, and Marxist political economy. This special issue of the Journal of Communication I mentioned earlier was also divided in this way. However, later issues showed that critical voices were less present. In the 1980s mainstream publications such as the Journal of Communication were still putting out some critical articles but now it is completely administrative and this is, I think, not how the media and communication studies should look like. Since the global crisis unfolded in 2008 critical scholarship has started flourishing again, especially among PhD students and early stage scholars who are fed up with the neoliberal restructuring of the academic field, with precarious employment and so on. Young academics have all the reasons to be angry, and naturally anger gets to a certain extent expressed in critical thinking. There is a general turn towards critical thinking, radical theory, anti-capitalist and Marxist theory nowadays. 3) In your work you rely heavily on the writings of Karl Marx. Where do you see the relevance of this 19th century theorist in the 21st century? I do not terribly like the way you phrased this question because somehow it gives the perception of Marx as being outdated, old, that society is new and has completely changed through neoliberalism and so on. This was the point made by Baudrillard who said that we cannot explain postmodern society through Marx because Marx is a 19th century theorist and he did not talk about the media and so on. I would however have suggested to Baudrillard that he should have read Marx more carefully because there is a lot in Marx that helps us understand the media within the context of society. Quite obviously there is a huge crisis of capitalism, of the state, imperialism and ideology. It is not only a financial crisis because it goes beyond the financial sector. In volume three of Capital Marx very thoroughly discussed the mechanisms of financialization. He also very closely analysed class and class relations and inequalities. Nobody can claim today that we are not living in a class society. The ruling class enforces austerity measures and we have deepening inequalities. So these are all social issues. If we look at the media side and the ICTs in this context the question is can Marx somehow help us? I think that Baudrillard and similarly minded people were and are very superficial readers of Marx because Marx even anticipated the information society in his claims about the development of technological productive forces, and that knowledge in production would become increasingly important. Some also say that Marx did not understand the networked media, but then again Marx for example analyses the telegraph and its importance for society and how technology impacts society in the context of the globalization of the economy and communication. I even claim in my forthcoming book ?Social Media: A Critical Introduction? that Marx invented the Internet in a striking passage of the Grundrisse. He described in a very anticipatory manner that in the global information system people inform themselves about others and are creating connections to each other. So the idea of social networking is there and the idea of networked information and a hypertext of global information are already there. So actually the World Wide Web was not invented by Tim Berners-Lee but by Karl Marx in 1857. Of course the technological foundations did not exist and also the computer did not exist as technology. But I think that, conceptually, Marx did invent the internet. 4) Karl Marx was largely focused on labour as a basic human activity. How does his labour theory relate to contemporary media and communication processes? Where do you see the border between labour and play in contemporary social media environments? There is an anthropological element that Marx stresses. How humans have differentiated themselves from animals and how society has become differentiated has to do with purposeful human activity and self-conscious thinking. What distinguishes a bee from an architect is that the architect always imagines the result of what he produces before he produces it. This anticipatory thinking is at the heart of all human work processes. Work takes its organisational forms through social relations within specific societal formations ? for example in the capitalist mode of production and the capitalist mode of the organisation of society. Then the labour theory of value comes in. Some say this is vital for social media, some say we do not need this theory because it is completely outdated. There is a lot of misunderstanding about the labour theory of value. When I read articles about this topic I always look at the basic concepts used besides value and labour. A lot of people use the terms money and profit, not understanding that labour theory of value is a theory of time in society and the capitalist economy. The crucial thing about how Marx conceptualizes value is that there is a substance of value and a measure of value. Human labour power is the substance of value whereas labour time in specific spaces is the measure of value. The labour value is the average time it takes to produce a commodity. How does this relate to what is called social media? The claim that the labour theory of value is no longer valid implies that time plays no role in the contemporary capitalist economy. Attention and reputation can be accumulated and getting attention for social media does not happen simply by putting the information there ? it requires the work of creating the attention. The groups on Facebook and Twitter with the largest number of followers and likes are the ones of entertainers and companies who employ people such as social media strategists to take care of their social media presence. So we need to conceptualize value with a theory of time. Therefore, I am interested in establishing theories of time in society, time in economy and media theory. 5) In his recent work Manuel Castells stated that the most fundamental form of power lies in the ability to shape the human mind. This may be easier to comprehend in the mass media environment where media content is shaped with a specific purpose to control and direct human behaviour, for example through advertising or political campaigns. However, with social media the users produce the content themselves. Where do you see this type of power exercised in the social media environment and how is it different from the mass media environment? I will try to answer this question in the context of two dominant theories of how social media are being conceptualized: Castells? theory of media and the network society and Henry Jenkins? theory of participatory culture. I think both of these approaches are terribly flawed. Jenkins celebrates corporatist capitalist culture and how it is monetized. The concept of power from Castells is based on the Weber?s definition of power as a coercive force that exists everywhere. However there is also altruistic behaviour in our lives at home, with friends and elsewhere. There is life beyond domination. Of course we live in dominative societies but I believe in a sort of Enlightenment ideal of emancipation of society and that people can rule themselves. For me power means the ability of people to shape and control the structures of society. So power can be distributed in different forms. There are also different forms of power: economic power, decision-making power in politics, cultural power. The problem is that these forms of power are unequally distributed. Now here comes Jenkins who claims that culture has become participatory and we today all create culture in a democratic process. Of course, there are changes you cannot deny since it is easy to shoot a video on your mobile phone and put it on the internet. But does this mean that society becomes immediately democratized? I doubt it. Both Jenkins and Castells are technological determinists. Jenkins does not even realize where the concept of participation comes from in a theoretical sense and does not mention earlier forms and attempts of creating more participation such as the student movement?s vision of participatory democracy in the 1960s. Structures of control in the economy today and in the political system are based on power asymmetries. Although we produce information ourselves this does not mean that all people benefit from it to the same extent. 6) Recent surveillance scandals exposed by Edward Snowden have shown that the companies are not the only ones taking advantage of citizens? digital footprints online. Do you see any alternatives to these events? How can we achieve a truly open and participatory internet taking all these risks into account? The Prism scandal has shown that states have access to a lot of social media. However, we have to put this phenomenon in a broader context. What has emerged is a sort of surveillance-industrial complex where you have spy agencies conducting massive surveillance in collaboration with private companies. Facebook was involved, Skype, Apple and others. Snowden was also working for a private security company ? Booz Allen ? and the state outsourced surveillance to this private company and other ones. Security is a very profitable sector within the economy. We must also see the ideological context of these events that goes back to the post 9-11 situation. A spiral of war and violence was developing after these events and it was claimed that there is a technological fix to terrorism and organized crime and that there are terrorist and criminals everywhere around us. The suggested highly ideologically motivated solution was to introduce more surveillance technologies to prevent organized crime and terrorism. This was very one-dimensional and short sighted. What has developed in the online sphere is corporate and state control. From a liberal perspective this threatens the basic liberties we have or that we think we have in modern society. The question is how do we get out of this situation and what changes of the Internet and society do we need? We do have things like the Pirate party struggling for freedom of information, people concerned about privacy, critical journalists concerned about press freedom, the Occupy movement and so on. They all seem, however, terribly unconnected but in the time of crisis of the whole capitalist society their reactions, if combined in a network, would be a force for defending society and making it more democratic. A united political movement that would run for governments and parliaments could try to make reforms in society. We also need to reinvent and redesign the basic structures of the internet. However, we should not do away with social media because they do enable people to maintain their networks. But people do not like the aspects of control embedded in them. We need an internet controlled by civil society. If we think of how the media can be organized there are not just capitalist media but also public service media controlled by the state and alternative media controlled by civil society. The idea of an alternative internet purely controlled by the state might be dangerous, but we need state power to make progressive changes. I would like to see a combination of both state and civil society power in reforming the Internet and the media because there are interesting civil society projects that however face the problem of a lack of resources. For example, the Occupy movement had an alternative social medium they created. This was used by a certain minority within the movement. My study ?OccupyMedia! The Occupy Movement and Social Media in Crisis Capitalism? shows that the corporate platforms were also popular among activists but that they were at the same time afraid they were monitored by the state and also worried that as digital workers they were exploited by Internet companies. We can only introduce changes by using already existing structures but the history of alternative media is unfortunately a history of voluntary, self-exploited and precarious work because of the lack of sources of income. So a media reform movement should also channel resources towards alternative projects. We need to tax media corporations more, we need to tax advertising, and corporations in general. Through participatory budgeting one could channel this money towards alternative media projects that are non-profit and so we could create a form of cooperation between the state and civil society that advances media reform. Voluntary donations such as the ones on Wikipedia are also a solution but are dependent on an unstable stream of resources. 7) How do you see the increasing push towards applied and policy oriented research in Europe? How will it affect media studies and social sciences and humanities in general? Research topics and areas in the European Union are predominantly formed in a top-down process, for example in Horizon 2020. What we need is a more critical agenda that addresses the problems in society and then thinks about the media and communication to see in which context they are operating and how we can improve democracy and the internet. The EU is framing questions about the Internet in terms of e.g. electronic participation but what it means by this is digital bureaucracy and that governments develop services for citizens and not the citizens? development of an online public sphere. Administrative, quantitative and micro-level research is also preferred while theory, ethics, or critical theory is avoided. A critical research agenda would involve critical social theory on the one hand and critical empirical research on the other hand. Unfortunately a lot of critical theory does not use research methods. At the same time there are a lot of micro studies of social life that completely ignore theory. So a lot of empiricists do not know much about theory and a lot of theorists do not know much about research methods. The key is that we always need to have a societal context in mind so that we do not loose ourselves in studying micro phenomena. 8.) Media studies are an inherently interdisciplinary field. Where do you see the role of disciplines, especially sociology, in media studies? Philosophy is a general meta-science, while sociology is social sciences? meta-science. Social science was on the one hand influenced by the natural sciences, which was reflected in the interest in research methods, and on the other hand by the humanities and philosophy which was reflected in the focus on social theory. Social theory is a condusing English term that can sometimes be too micro-focused. There is a difference between ?social? and ?societal?. I would prefer the terms theory of society as in the German term Gesellschaftstheorie. In any case, media and communication studies should always be informed by sociology. For example, there is a difference between research presented in associations such as ECREA and research presented in the European Sociological Association (ESA). ESA?s Research Network 18 (Sociology of Communications and Media Research) is more interested in critically theorizing the media within society and in the context of society that shapes the media. Media sociology has always been a more critical field than media and communication studies at a whole. I am also optimistic about the development of a critical sociology of the media because there are a lot of young scholars who are interested in studying the media within society and there are a lot of interesting things happening. We need to help in institutionalizing critical media research by running journals, organizing conferences and creating space and time for critical media sociology. The task are: creating space where critical people can meet and talk to each other, creating space where they can publish; and creating time for doing critical research together with colleagues. -------- Dr. Christian Fuchs is Professor of Social Media at the Communication and Media Research Institute and the Centre for Social Media Research, University of Westminster, London, UK. He is the author of ?Internet and society: Social theory in the information age? (Routledge 2008), ?Foundations of critical media and information studies? (Routledge 2011) and the forthcoming monographs ?Digital labor and Karl Marx? (Routledge 2014), ?Social media: A critical introduction? (Sage 2014) and ?OccupyMedia! The Occupy movement and social media in crisis capitalism? (Zero Books 2014). He has co-edited the collected volume ?Internet and surveillance: The challenges of web 2.0 and social media? (Routledge 2012) and the forthcoming volumes ?Critique, social media and the information society? (Routledge 2014) and ?Social media, politics and the state. Protests, revolutions, riots, crime and policing in the age of Facebook, Twitter and YouTube? (Routledge 2014). He is editor of ?tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique?, Chair of the European Sociological Association?s Research Network 18 ? Sociology of Communications and Media Research, co-founder of the ICTs and Society network and Vice-Chair of the European Union COST Action ?Dynamics of Virtual Work?. We met up with Christian in October in Athens, Greece during the COST action meeting and conference. # distributed via <nettime>: no commercial use without permission # <nettime> is a moderated mailing list for net criticism, # collaborative text filtering and cultural politics of the nets # more info: http://mx.kein.org/mailman/listinfo/nettime-l # archive: http://www.nettime.org contact: nettime(a)kein.org _______________________________________________ Networkedlabour mailing list Networkedlabour(a)lists.contrast.org http://lists.contrast.org/mailman/listinfo/networkedlabour -- P2P Foundation: http://p2pfoundation.net - http://blog.p2pfoundation.net <http://lists.ourproject.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/p2p-foundation>Updates: http://twitter.com/mbauwens; http://www.facebook.com/mbauwens #82 on the (En)Rich list: http://enrichlist.org/the-complete-list/

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Fwd: [opennetcoalition] Will The Canada-EU Trade Agreement Harm Our Freedoms Online?
by Michel Bauwens 21 Oct '13

21 Oct '13

---------- Forwarded message ---------- From: La Quadrature du Net <jz(a)laquadrature.net> Date: Mon, Oct 21, 2013 at 10:30 AM Subject: [opennetcoalition] Will The Canada-EU Trade Agreement Harm Our Freedoms Online? To: opennetcoalition(a)laquadrature.net Themes: CETA, CANADA-EUROPE TRADE AGREEMENT, COPYRIGHT, FREEDOMS ONLINE, ACTA, EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT La Quadrature du Net – For immediate release Permanent link: https://www.laquadrature.net/en/will-the-canada-eu-trade-agreement-harm-our… Will The Canada-EU Trade Agreement Harm Our Freedoms Online? *** Paris, 21 October 2013 — After more than four years of secret negotiations, the text of the Canada-Europe trade agreement, CETA, reached agreement in principle [1] during a meeting between José Barroso, the President of the European Commission, and Stefen Harper, the Canadian Prime Minister. While waiting for evidence to ensure that CETA does not contain measures endangering our freedoms online, citizens and MEPs should be ready to reject this trade agreement. *** As was the case in the negotiations of ACTA and today in those of TAFTA, the negotiations of CETA, the Canada-Europe trade agreement, were conducted behind closed doors, between 2009 and 2013, by a small group of individuals [2] led by Karel De Gucht [3] for Europe and Ed Fast [4] for Canada. Despite repeated requests from both European and Canadian citizens, organizations and elected representatives, no official version of CETA has been made public up to date. This opacity is all the more worrying as the last leaked version of the agreement, in July 2012, contained ACTA-like provisions [5], and documents [6] issued by both Canadians and European institutions continue to refer to measures related to the protection of “intellectual property” (in particular patents and copyright). These documents still refer to a “reinforcement” of the copyright protection. Until the text has been published, one cannot exclude the possible return of measures already rejected with ACTA. Even if it is not the case, the agreement provisions could limit in practice the benefits of the Canadian approach to copyright. Canada has a more extensive definition of the public domain, and has also introduced a pioneering law for positive user rights [7] (for example regarding the education exception). Though the Canadian government has stated that it would not have to revise the C-11 law because of the agreement, this remain to be checked – let's remember similar statements regarding the compatibility of ACTA with the Community acquis that proved completely wrong. Even if the law is not revised, the de facto access to many public domain works could be threatened by changes regarding the enforcement of copyright. Reflecting TAFTA, the situation demonstrates that CETA negotiators have failed to, or could not, learn from the ACTA fiasco and hear the calls from citizens. Rather than negotiated in opacity, these issues must be discussed in democratic and open debates. Continue to circumvent the legitimate processes to impose repressive measures, on the pretext of trade agreements, can only contribute to feed the citizens mistrust for representatives and European institutions. Thus, La Quadrature du Net joins requests calling for immediate publication of documents relating to CETA and urges citizens and MEPs to be ready to reject this new trade agreement. “Now that an agreement in principle was reached, CETA will enter into the legislative process of the European Parliament, which will ultimately lead the MEPs to vote for adopt or reject the agreement as a whole. A few months before the 2013 European elections, there is an urgent need for the European institutions to hear the citizen rejection of these illegitimate practices, and to finally opt for transparent and democratic processes.” concluded Jérémie Zimmermann, spokesperson for citizen advocacy group La Quadrature du Net * References * 1. http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/press/index.cfm?id=973 2. https://www.laquadrature.net/wiki/CETA_negotiators 3. Karel De Gucht is the European Commissioner for Trade, also in charge of ACTA and TAFTA, who did not hesitate to lie to the European Parliament in his effort to convince the Parliament to adopt these dispositions. ( https://www.laquadrature.net/en/acta-commissioner-de-gucht-lies-to-the-eu-p… ) 4. Ed Fast is the Canadian Trade Minister. 5. https://www.laquadrature.net/en/acta-ceta-tafta-is-de-gucht-again-trying-to… 6. See: http://actionplan.gc.ca/sites/default/files/pdfs/v4_final_ceta_-_summary_do… http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/press/index.cfm?id=974 7. See the C-11 law: http://copyright.ubc.ca/copyright-legislation/bill-c-11-the-copyright-moder… ** About la Quadrature du Net ** La Quadrature du Net is an advocacy group that defends the rights and freedoms of citizens on the Internet. More specifically, it advocates for the adaptation of French and European legislations to respect the founding principles of the Internet, most notably the free circulation of knowledge. In addition to its advocacy work, the group also aims to foster a better understanding of legislative processes among citizens. Through specific and pertinent information and tools, La Quadrature du Net hopes to encourage citizens' participation in the public debate on rights and freedoms in the digital age. La Quadrature du Net is supported by French, European and international NGOs including the Electronic Frontier Foundation, the Open Society Institute and Privacy International. List of supporting organisations: https://www.laquadrature.net/en/they-support-la-quadrature-du-net ** Press contact and press room ** Jérémie Zimmermann, jz(a)laquadrature.net, +33 (0)615 940 675 http://www.laquadrature.net/en/press-room _______________________________________________ Opennetcoalition mailing list Opennetcoalition(a)laquadrature.net https://laquadrature.net/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/opennetcoalition -- P2P Foundation: http://p2pfoundation.net - http://blog.p2pfoundation.net <http://lists.ourproject.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/p2p-foundation>Updates: http://twitter.com/mbauwens; http://www.facebook.com/mbauwens #82 on the (En)Rich list: http://enrichlist.org/the-complete-list/

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Fwd: Evasion Fiscale : 2000 milliards d'euros par an non percus en taxes en Europe ( Doc Arte, France2, ... )
by Michel Bauwens 20 Oct '13

20 Oct '13

---------- Forwarded message ---------- From: Dante-Gabryell Monson <dante.monson(a)gmail.com> Date: 2013/10/18 Subject: Evasion Fiscale : 2000 milliards d'euros par an non percus en taxes en Europe ( Doc Arte, France2, ... ) To: "econowmix(a)googlegroups.com" <econowmix(a)googlegroups.com> Dans un premier temps, en mai 2013, selon les institutions europeennes, 1000 milliards d euros par an d'evasion fiscale en europe, et 2000 milliards d'economie noire. http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/taxation/tax_fraud_evasion/a_huge_prob… des graphiques du parlement europeen ( sur les premieres donnees ) http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/fr/news-room/content/20130527STO10562/ht… http://www.express.be/business/fr/economy/ue-une-evasion-fiscale-annuelle-d… Puis, selon des chiffres actualises en septembre 2013 , *2000 milliards d'evasion fiscale par an en europe.* http://fr.myeurop.info/2013/10/16/fraude-et-vasion-fiscales-ces-milliards-q… extrait : *En mai 2013, la Commission revoit son évaluation à la hausse: la fraude fiscale représenterait 1000 milliards d'euros<http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/taxation/tax_fraud_evasion/a_huge_prob…> ...: une manne financière rendue plus faramineuse encore par les politiques d'austérité budgétaire observées sur le continent.* *En septembre, le chiffre grimpe à 2000 milliards<http://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2013/10/09/la-fraude-fiscale-coute-2…>. Pas très loin des estimations du réseau mondial pour la justice fiscale, Tax Justice Network<http://www.tackletaxhavens.com/Cost_of_Tax_Abuse_TJN%20Research_23rd_Nov_20…> . * *Documentaire Arte :* * * http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x14mlza_le-hold-up-du-siecle-l-evasion-fis… * * et arte propose meme un site thematique assez ludique http://www.arte.tv/sites/fr/evasion-fiscale/ et aussi un autre documentaire, enquetant sur l'affaire HSBC Suisse, et sur la fraude fiscale de grandes entreprises *Documentaire France 2 :* http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DK0iWpxZoZM Bien qu'il s'agit de relativiser - cela est a mon sens une goutte d eau , si on prends en compte les mecanismes plus larges de transferts de pouvoir - et de propriete - par les systemes financiers. Seulement, beaucoup d'autres, eux, ont etes legalises. Ce qui ne les empeche pas de faire d'autres fraudes, elles, illegales, telles que la manipulation des taux du libor - ou , au sein des differentes banques, d'abuser de la confiance entre eux ou vis a vis de leurs clients - mais certaines de ces banques ont pu s en sortir en s'arrangeant a l'amiable par l'utilisation de quelques milliards de dollars d'amende. Par exemple, en mon sens, ce n'est rien par rapport aux sommes transferees lies aux mecanismes de creation monetaire, et la perception des interets sur l'argent sous forme de credit cree ex-nihilo par les corporations bancaires ( devenu un monopole impose par le Traite de Maastricht, puis de Lisbonne - transferant ce pouvoir des etats vers les corporations et le systeme financier - ) Les reseaux financiers sont detenus et controles en majorite par une petite elite mondiale d'actionnaires ( 1 pour cent des plus riches, dont la richesse se concentre surtout au niveau des 0,1 pour cent les plus riches ) et aussi, plus exactement, par un reseau de corporations bancaires. voir cette recherche academique Suisse, publiee par the new scientist http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21228354.500-revealed--the-capitalist… De plus , ces corporations bancaires, elles memes de plus en plus consolidees ( ce qui en soi renforce aussi l'influence politique au niveau des choix d'accorder des prets, et comment ceux ci oriented l'economie. ) Ces chiffres ci, lies a l economie americaine, http://www2.ucsc.edu/whorulesamerica/power/wealth.html par rapport auquel les pays europeens ne sont pas si eloignes, et la rattrapent en termes d inegalites ( l'allemagne par exemple : http://andrewhammel.typepad.com/german_joys/2013/03/inequality-everywhere.h… ) -- P2P Foundation: http://p2pfoundation.net - http://blog.p2pfoundation.net <http://lists.ourproject.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/p2p-foundation>Updates: http://twitter.com/mbauwens; http://www.facebook.com/mbauwens #82 on the (En)Rich list: http://enrichlist.org/the-complete-list/

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