Re: [P2P-F] FW: Emailing: US nuclear regulators greatly underestimate potential for nuclear disaster Nuclear spent fuel fire could force millions of people to relocate -- ScienceDaily.htm

27 May 2017


      Princeton University, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International
Affairs. "US nuclear regulators greatly underestimate potential for nuclear
disaster: Nuclear spent fuel fire could force millions of people to
relocate." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 25 May 2017. <www.sciencedaily.com/
releases/2017/05/170525141544.htm>.

On Fri, May 26, 2017 at 10:36 PM, Hazel Henderson <
[email protected]> wrote:
...
Hi Julie :Please post this on our daily RSS feed and on our Earth
Systems Science , Reforming Global Finance and  SRI News pages, thanks,
Hazel
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*Subject:* Emailing: US nuclear regulators greatly underestimate
potential for nuclear disaster Nuclear spent fuel fire could force millions
of people to relocate -- ScienceDaily.htm
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US nuclear regulators greatly underestimate potential for nuclear disaster Nuclear
spent fuel fire could force millions of people to relocate
*Date:*
May 25, 2017
*Source:*
Princeton University, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International
Affairs
*Summary:*
The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission relied on faulty analysis to justify
its refusal to adopt a critical measure for protecting Americans from
nuclear-waste fires at dozens of reactor sites around the country,
according to a recent article. Radioactivity from such a fire could force
approximately 8 million people to relocate and result in $2 trillion in
damages.
*Share:*
*FULL STORY*
------------------------------
[image:
https://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2017/05/170525141544_1_540x360.jpg]
This image captures the spread of radioactivity from a hypothetical fire
in a high-density spent-fuel pool at the Peach Bottom Nuclear Power Plant
in Pennsylvania. Based on the guidance from the US Environmental Protection
Agency and the experience from the Chernobyl and Fukushima accidents,
populations in the red and orange areas would have to be relocated for many
years, and many in the yellow area would relocate voluntarily. In this
scenario, which is based on real weather patterns that occurred in July
2015, four major cities would be contaminated (New York City, Philadelphia,
Baltimore and Washington, D.C.), resulting in the displacement of millions
of people.
*Credit: Photo courtesy of Michael Schoeppner, Princeton University,
Program on Science and Global Security*
[image:
https://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2017/05/170525141544_1_900x600.jpg]
This image captures the spread of radioactivity from a hypothetical fire
in a high-density spent-fuel pool at the Peach Bottom Nuclear Power Plant
in Pennsylvania. Based on the guidance from the US Environmental Protection
Agency and the experience from the Chernobyl and Fukushima accidents,
populations in the red and orange areas would have to be relocated for many
years, and many in the yellow area would relocate voluntarily. In this
scenario, which is based on real weather patterns that occurred in July
2015, four major cities would be contaminated (New York City, Philadelphia,
Baltimore and Washington, D.C.), resulting in the displacement of millions
of people.
*Credit: Photo courtesy of Michael Schoeppner, Princeton University,
Program on Science and Global Security*
Close
The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) relied on faulty analysis to
justify its refusal to adopt a critical measure for protecting Americans
from the occurrence of a catastrophic nuclear-waste fire at any one of
dozens of reactor sites around the country, according to an article in the
May 26 issue of *Science* magazine. Fallout from such a fire could be
considerably larger than the radioactive emissions from the 2011 Fukushima
accident in Japan.
Published by researchers from Princeton University and the Union of
Concerned Scientists, the article argues that NRC inaction leaves the
public at high risk from fires in spent-nuclear-fuel cooling pools at
reactor sites. The pools -- water-filled basins that store and cool used
radioactive fuel rods -- are so densely packed with nuclear waste that a
fire could release enough radioactive material to contaminate an area twice
the size of New Jersey. On average, radioactivity from such an accident
could force approximately 8 million people to relocate and result in $2
trillion in damages.
These catastrophic consequences, which could be triggered by a large
earthquake or a terrorist attack, could be largely avoided by regulatory
measures that the NRC refuses to implement. Using a biased regulatory
analysis, the agency excluded the possibility of an act of terrorism as
well as the potential for damage from a fire beyond 50 miles of a plant.
Failing to account for these and other factors led the NRC to significantly
underestimate the destruction such a disaster could cause.
"The NRC has been pressured by the nuclear industry, directly and through
Congress, to low-ball the potential consequences of a fire because of
concerns that increased costs could result in shutting down more nuclear
power plants," said paper co-author Frank von Hippel, a senior research
physicist at Princeton's Program on Science and Global Security (SGS),
based at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs.
"Unfortunately, if there is no public outcry about this dangerous
situation, the NRC will continue to bend to the industry's wishes."
Von Hippel's co-authors are Michael Schoeppner, a former postdoctoral
researcher at Princeton's SGS, and Edwin Lyman, a senior scientist at the
Union of Concerned Scientists.
Spent-fuel pools were brought into the spotlight following the March 2011
nuclear disaster in Fukushima, Japan. A 9.0-magnitude earthquake caused a
tsunami that struck the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, disabling
the electrical systems necessary for cooling the reactor cores. This led to
core meltdowns at three of the six reactors at the facility, hydrogen
explosions, and a release of radioactive material.
"The Fukushima accident could have been a hundred times worse had there
been a loss of the water covering the spent fuel in pools associated with
each reactor," von Hippel said. "That almost happened at Fukushima in Unit
4."
In the aftermath of the Fukushima disaster, the NRC considered proposals
for new safety requirements at U.S. plants. One was a measure prohibiting
plant owners from densely packing spent-fuel pools, requiring them to
expedite transfer of all spent fuel that has cooled in pools for at least
five years to dry storage casks, which are inherently safer. Densely packed
pools are highly vulnerable to catching fire and releasing huge amounts of
radioactive material into the atmosphere.
The NRC analysis found that a fire in a spent-fuel pool at an average
nuclear reactor site would cause $125 billion in damages, while expedited
transfer of spent fuel to dry casks could reduce radioactive releases from
pool fires by 99 percent. However, the agency decided the possibility of
such a fire is so unlikely that it could not justify requiring plant owners
to pay the estimated cost of $50 million per pool.
The NRC cost-benefit analysis assumed there would be no consequences from
radioactive contamination beyond 50 miles from a fire. It also assumed that
all contaminated areas could be effectively cleaned up within a year. Both
of these assumptions are inconsistent with experience after the Chernobyl
and Fukushima accidents.
In two previous articles, von Hippel and Schoeppner released figures that
correct for these and other errors and omissions. They found that millions
of residents in surrounding communities would have to relocate for years,
resulting in total damages of $2 trillion -- nearly 20 times the NRC's
result. Considering the nuclear industry is only legally liable for $13.6
billion, thanks to the Price Anderson Act of 1957, U.S. taxpayers would
have to cover the remaining costs.
The authors point out that if the NRC does not take action to reduce this
danger, Congress has the authority to fix the problem. Moreover, the
authors suggest that states that provide subsidies to uneconomical nuclear
reactors within their borders could also play a constructive role by making
those subsidies available only for plants that agreed to carry out
expedited transfer of spent fuel.
"In far too many instances, the NRC has used flawed analysis to justify
inaction, leaving millions of Americans at risk of a radiological release
that could contaminate their homes and destroy their livelihoods," said
Lyman. "It is time for the NRC to employ sound science and common-sense
policy judgments in its decision-making process."
------------------------------
*Story Source:*
Materials
<http://wws.princeton.edu/news-and-events/news/item/us-nuclear-regulators-greatly-underestimate-potential-nuclear-disaster>
provided by *Princeton University, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and
International Affairs* <http://wws.princeton.edu>. Original written by B.
Rose Kelly. *Note: Content may be edited for style and length.*
------------------------------
*Journal Reference*:
1.    Frank Von Hippel, Michael Schoeppner and Edwin Lyman. *Nuclear
safety regulation in the post-Fukushima era*. *Science*, 2017
------------------------------
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Princeton University, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International
Affairs. "US nuclear regulators greatly underestimate potential for nuclear
disaster: Nuclear spent fuel fire could force millions of people to
relocate." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 25 May 2017. <www.sciencedaily.com/
releases/2017/05/170525141544.htm>.
Princeton University, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International
Affairs. (2017, May 25). US nuclear regulators greatly underestimate
potential for nuclear disaster: Nuclear spent fuel fire could force
millions of people to relocate. *ScienceDaily*. Retrieved May 26, 2017
from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/05/170525141544.htm
Princeton University, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International
Affairs. "US nuclear regulators greatly underestimate potential for nuclear
disaster: Nuclear spent fuel fire could force millions of people to
relocate." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/
2017/05/170525141544.htm (accessed May 26, 2017).
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