It would be much more heartening to see inspiration from Graeber than from the neoliberal Piketty. On Sun, Feb 22, 2015 at 5:44 PM, Michel Bauwens <[email protected]> wrote:
---------- Forwarded message ---------- From: Josef Davies-Coates <[email protected]> Date: Mon, Feb 23, 2015 at 6:38 AM Subject: Re: Community Banking with a transformative difference: Negative interest money
re global currencies with aligned values, Michel may have mentioned this before, but in case he hasn't
http://fair.coop (see pages under Economic System)
Also, Greek's new Finance Minister Yanis Varoufakis is a fascinating chap. See e.g. this proposal of his for an FT (Future Taxes) Coin as shared on the P2P Foundation blog recently:
http://blog.p2pfoundation.net/the-ft-coin-a-complementary-government-currenc...
Other notable things from him I've seen are this critique of PIketty: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wNLPO2j9RQ0 http://www.paecon.net/PAEReview/issue69/Varoufakis69.pdf
And this blog post from his time as Economics at Valve (a hugely successful non-hierarchical video game company, where he was responsible for e.g. linking economies in two virtual game environments by creating a shared currency)
http://blogs.valvesoftware.com/economics/why-valve-or-what-do-we-need-corpor...
On 22 February 2015 at 23:09, Michel Bauwens <[email protected]> wrote:
far from me to say that community, regional and national approaches are not needed, but there should also be a global level, as no matter where a important sustainability innovation emerges, it should be supported to that it can scale globally,
Michel
On Mon, Feb 23, 2015 at 2:43 AM, Henry Tam < [email protected]> wrote:
How much of the alternative economy/enterprise/finance ideas, would you say, can be piloted at a sub-regional or regional level? I was speaking with the Cambridge Coop Party and we discussed how the fragmentation going on can be reversed by renewed collaboration premised on cooperative principles, sustainability and community-based services.
Coop is getting a bad name, not just because of the Coop Bank (which was never a real coop, and has just hired as a consultant someone who was in charge of compliance at HSBC when all the non-compliance took place!), but for example, in the 'Which?' magazine annual poll, Coop supermarkets were rated poor for pricing, "shockingly behind everyone else" on value for money, and worst for special offers and own label products. They didn't come first in any category. How would a major re-engineering even begin? And the Coop Party HQ is opening the door to coops not providing the funds that have been vital to local coop party's political activities on the ground.
The Eastern Savings & Loans Credit Union is merging with the Cambridge Credit Union. I wonder if they could play a role in providing investment in the development of cooperative commons locally, or pave the way for more extensive community banking regionally.
We need some organisational levers to try out/pilot the ideas we talk about.
Henry
On 21/2/15 08:28, "Pat Conaty" <[email protected]> wrote:
Hi Michel
Thanks. Good to set up this file as you have done with Henry's proposal for an Open Co-operative Development Agency. This is a good place to start.
Not much further comment to my proposal so far. If others want to comment we can keep up this thread. Otherwise I will move this forward otherwise. I think with the Dieter Suhr article that was circulated my points further below are pretty clear. In any event I aim to complete my short book on co-operative capital and convivial money in April. This will probably feature in the final chapter.
Annemarie has responded offline so I will talk with her further next week.
On a related matter to my proposal but at national government level for interest free money, here is some extra info to ponder. Until the mid 1970s the Bank of Canada was a public bank for the entire country, not just a central bank as it has been forced to become today by the Bank for International Settlements (the international private bank for central bankers based in Basle)..
Here below from Ellen Brown is an update on the Bank of Canada case by Comer in the Canadian level Supreme Court. The case is focusing on a demand for reviving the Bank of Canada role in making interest free loans direct into the real economy for infrastructure and services for the public good. So read here QE as socially directed investment not for assisting the refinancing of the toxic balance sheets of banks as we know QE. See also the the other link with all the background in Part 3 of my paper on the Commons Transition Website.
Pat
http://www.publicbankinginstitute.org/canadian_court_decision_has_revolution... <http://www.publicbankinginstitute.org/canadian_court_decision_has_revolutionary_implications_for_banking?utm_campaign=feb_newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_source=pbi> <http://www.publicbankinginstitute.org/canadian_court_decision_has_revolutionary_implications_for_banking?utm_campaign=feb_newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_source=pbi>
http://commonstransition.org/co-operative-commonwealth-de-commodifying-land-...
On 21 Feb 2015, at 00:37, Michel Bauwens <[email protected]> wrote:
Dear Pat,
I don't have time to rummage through the older emails but I have created this common document as you requested,
see https://docs.google.com/document/d/188Y7COujNwhU60pMiNypXHaRHgLrjKywVlfN6AyO...
On Thu, Feb 19, 2015 at 4:03 PM, Pat Conaty < [email protected]> wrote:
Hi Michel, Josef and Annemarie
Michel, good idea. Do open a Google doc if you like with Stacco. A few of this can then co-develop this co-operative money commons proposal for the Commons Transition site as an proposition.
Josef and Annemarie, the proposal really is not complex. More info to clarify what I am saying and advocating. We need a social-public partnership to harness a collaborative transformative approach.
If you check out the Dieter Suhr paper on neutral money he explains the concept. But we need democratic finance bodies to make it a co-operative form of money for local city regions in a distributed way. If Dee Hock wanted actually a model where the customers owned the platform not Bank America and other banks, you get the notion. As Dee Hock explains in the extracts from his book on Chaordic Commons, the banks kicked this consumer sovereignty idea of his into the Long Grass where it was lost.
In Germany there are 50 regional currencies. Chiemgauer in southern Germany has a negative interest rate of 8% a year. They both print notes and have a digital money version. This is interesting as unlike Ithaca Hours that works with Alternatives Federal Credit Union in Ithaca as a credit union and local money partnership or Bristol Pound that has a partnership with Bristol Credit Union, Chiemgauer uses negative interest rates. This is an advance on Bristol Pound and Ithaca hours from a design point of view as it creates a dynamic pressure for money velocity and liquidity to expand. But they create through Chiemgauer a slow pressure of three months at 2% charge. If they moved to month at 2% charge, this would create more focus on spending it.
Where they are in southern Germany they operate more a slow money system. But Athens needs a faster money system. So velocity and speed controls are important and will vary based on the state of play of the economy. In 1933 <tel:1933> Irving Fisher wanted FDR to introduce Worgl money at a charge of 2% a week as the crisis of liquidity and structural unemployment plus general strikes was huge. So speed controls on money with negative interest can be ramped up to create emergency currencies with high velocity to secure the common good.
Many small credit unions have never been comfortable with Visa cards. Bigger credit unions are into this game. Remember as my paper shows on Co-operative commonwealth, mutual finance before 1870 <tel:1870> was widespread with out any interest at all. This was the building society movement for the first 100 years. People forget all this. Co-ops at the outset were against interest and usury. This has been long forgotten.
But there has always been a gap in the market in the credit union world for an alternative payment system. I know as I have been involved with credit union development since the early 1980s The debit cards being developed for the homeless with the Big issue and Street UK in the UK now are a step to be inclusive that CDFIs like Street UK here are working on.
Chiemgauer's digital money is supported by two members of Inaise, the social banks Triodos and GLS Bank. Both Steiner banks. When you borrow on Visa, the deal is this. They give you a credit limit. You can take this money that you in a way opt for at least initially. It is free money for one month. They though make you liable for the borrowing. This is debt and debt money. Paper money is complex and costly to administer.
What is missing is the link to the city state. If we could get sympathetic local government bodies to work with credit unions, CDFIs and social banks to bring in them for these city-state monies we could add another dimension that is missing with Chiemgaeur to get us closer to Worgl where you could pay your taxes with the money. This move this closer to a real democratic money.
Bristol has got some support for some business rates tax payments. But we need to advance further. Hull a city in the North of England has talked about Hull Coin but this is not happening yet.
Michel you can cut and paste my past few emails into a Google doc. I also sent another one three weeks ago to you and Annemarie that one of you can dig out and paste this in. It was about the interface between democratic banking, co-operative money and the local authorities or small states like Wales.
Michel we should then develop a conversation with other experts on banking like Cliff and Margie on this list plus Franz De Clerck, my old friend. Maybe also Peter Blom at Triodos.
Pat
On 18 Feb 2015, at 02:28, Michel Bauwens <[email protected]> wrote:
hi Pat, perhaps you can start with a formal description of the proposal on a google doc, and then circulate it amongst players that can do something about it ?
On Mon, Feb 16, 2015 at 4:20 PM, Pat Conaty < [email protected]> wrote:
Hi Michel, Josef, Robin, Mike, Margie, Cliff and Yvon
Terrific! Glad Michel and Josef that you agree with my proposal further below for a negative interest VISA solution for social banks and CBPs.
So where do we begin? Some questions for those on this list as this idea could be co-operatively transformative. I believe that backers with the knowledge and expertise could be attracted from what is already happening below the radar.
Indeed I think this could be a global project for Fair Trade Banking or something similarly named. The gap between credit card rates of 19% plus and bank base rates of 0.5% here in the UK has never been greater. This is such a usurious scam.
Credit cards are the most transparent example of how banks create money as debt out of thin air. They give a new customer a liquidity limit, create this by this agreement as new money that is issued out of thin air, and then this liquidity becomes another micro-profit centre. Just imagine a Worgl and WiR alternative where local credit unions, social banks, co-operative loan funds, etc collaborate to set up a Co-operative alternative on a regional scale on a commons platform that could be national or wider.
The credit card system robs from the poor and provides a free ride and free liquidity to the better off users. This is a class divided system. Credit unions and social banks could co-develop and offer a clearly democratic and socially inclusive solution for liquidity and working capital for Commoners.
If the banks can maintain this unfair deal, who could say legally that credit unions as licensed deposit takers and co-op organisations could not do the same but in the Worgl way for issuing cost carrying money so everyone pays the costs of the liquidity admin and a marginal cost for credit risk. LETs failed in Argentina a decade ago because Michael Linton never designed any credit risk protection and if people take all the free money they want you get inflation and a breakdown in trust. The volume and velocity of money has to be managed.
I did not know Michel that Dee Hock when he invented VISA wanted the card owners not the banks to own the VISA platform. This solution I am suggesting would be the answer to that.
I am sharing this idea with a few from the other list talking about CBPs and co-operative economic democracy. My thinking on how and why this would really work is based on a paper from Dieter Suhr who is a German monetary reformer who died tragically 20 years or so ago in an accident. He was a good friend of Margrit Kennedy and I met him when we both spoke at the launch of INAISE in Brussels about 1989 <tel:1989> . His proposal was for neutral money but it lacked a set of co-operative finance actors to make it
happen. This has been the barrier. His book on Neutral money can be downloaded.
Rather like the problem before Dee Hock solved this for the banks in the 1960s. Like today, where there are umpteen local currencies and all not viable in a business sense, then 50 years ago the banks were all issuing their own credit cards and all losing money. Dee Hock proposed a co-operative solution of convergence which is what ViSA offered. A collaborative economy solution to secure declining marginal cost economies. It worked but today we lack this breakaway play for local money systems. They need to stop doing their own thing. But how and would this be feasible? I think so. So correct me if you think my hypothesis is wrong please?
So some substance to back up this idea. We did work on payment system solutions for CBPs and you can see these in the CBP report that Mike Toye at Ced-Net has circulated.
Robin Murray is talking to some top notch bank payment systems people in London working on an alternative including a brilliant Welshman. One guy set up the new Metro bank in the UK and the other is a 'bank in a box' guy. They both want to see People's banking alternatives and one of the guy's has been working with Occupy groups in London and New York on what this might look like. If we could get some Community Development Credit Unions like Self Help CU, Alternatives and some CDFIs and social banks like Triodos and GLS interested in this fee based payment and liquidity system we could make a go of it.
I have a couple of very clever CDFI friends in the UK interested in this stuff. Moreover they are also payment system experts. One is Martin Hockly at Street UK (a very successful home improvement lender and micro finance lender in Birmingham) and the other is Steve Round formerly at Unity Trust Bank, the trade union bank here. They have developed a pre-paid debit card for homeless people. Steve is chair of the Big Issue. Their plastic card has been piloted successfully. Martin was working with us in the past on a solution for CBPs to provide bill payments.
I gave a paper about these Co-operative money ideas four years ago in London and Martin Hockly has been very keen on the possibilities since then.
So what do you all think? This is so practical if we can get some early adopters and perhaps build on the conversations Robin has been having and some of the work in the UK on the payment system for homeless people soon to go live there is a real chance for this to be set up on robust foundations. Ann Pettifor of the Jubilee Debt Campaign is a friend and she would find this compelling I suspect.
Pat
On 16 Feb 2015, at 05:28, Michel Bauwens <[email protected]> wrote:
thanks Pat, I am convinced of this as well,
Michel
On Tue, Feb 10, 2015 at 1:46 AM, Pat Conaty < [email protected]> wrote:
Hi Josef
I do apologise. It has been a madly busy day.
Yes, David B made the edits and sent round the corrected version.
We are soon to send out the Deep Dive and if you wanted to have a read and proof it, that would be marvelous.
I am copying David in on this reply. I am sure he will share it with you.
On Community Banking Partnership, my argument and cast to Michel is that while we need to reinvent money and get this right. We cannot ignore the need for banking. As I see it, the CBP models of knowledge banking are seeking to be convivial, keep people out of debt and provide good basic banking services.
What is needed if you can imagine this is for all the social banks, all the credit unions and all the CDFIs to form an Alternative like VISA which by the way was set up by Dee Hock as a co-op but a private one which is a contradiction. But if all the social and alternative banks were to do this, then they could simply issue negative interest credit card liquidity.
But this requires all the non-capitalist banking service providers to co-operate this way on a huge scale. The banks did it to create credit cards as lethal weapons of interest slavery. Doing the reverse with negative interest fee based finance would drive forward the alternative.
Pat
On 9 Feb 2015, at 18:26, Josef Davies-Coates <[email protected]> wrote:
Hi Pat,
On 9 February 2015 at 17:20, Pat Conaty < [email protected]> wrote: Hi Kevin
I think you mean Josef, but I'll forgive you :)
Here is the info on Community Banking Partnership. Two reports
Ah, thanks, I'd seen the legal structures one before. :)
and the model is evolving still but much better handled in the USA than here. See the report by Cliff, my good friend in New York. Here is an update on Neighbourhood Trust CU.
http://www.neighborhoodtrustfcu.org < http://www.neighborhoodtrustfcu.org/>
Fair Finance, Wessex Home Improvement Loans and ScotCash are good examples. Also Five Lamps in the North East.
Bristol is pursuing CBP in a new attempt with the CDFA. Bristol CU, Bristol £ and CDFIs in the city.
Thanks. BTW, did you/ David re-edit the Open Co-operativism Report post my proof-reading? I'm very happy to proof-read the 2nd in the series too if you've got that to share?
Warm regards,
Josef.
Pat
On 8 Feb 2015, at 17:21, Josef Davies-Coates <[email protected]> wrote:
Hi all,
Annemarie: re:
" Pat helpfully introduced me to an(other) ALT currency expert to help me produce the eventual report (attached, again, for speed)."
I wasn't in this thread earlier on so could you please forward me the attachment you shared previously?
Also, Pat is you could send me your Community Banking Partnerships doc too that'd be great.
Many thanks and warm regards,
Josef.
On 8 February 2015 at 14:41, Pat Conaty < [email protected]> wrote: Michel
For additional info.......
Co-operatives UK are publishing a book with the New Internationalist in June on a new strategy for the co-operative sector in the UK. This is based on a considerable research exercise over the past two years.
Robin Murrray and I have made contributions as has John Restakis. Ed Mayo has done the editing and it should be a most helpful complement to all we are discussing.
We should have a chat to Ed and Robin about this. Robin is in India on Fair Trade work at present but will be back at the end of this week.
Pat
On 8 Feb 2015, at 05:31, Michel Bauwens <[email protected]> wrote:
thanks Pat!
On Sat, Jan 31, 2015 at 5:38 PM, Pat Conaty < [email protected]> wrote: Michel, Annemarie and Tapas colleagues
Glad Annemarie that my short explanation of how to develop co-operative money and co-operative capital solutions in integrated ways was helpful. As to why this is so crucial......as a peaceful solution to the crisis that is growing with Pegida on the march and the National Front in France attracting support. Consider the analysis in relation to the following history of how we got to this mess.
Jacques Perretti a radical BBC journalist (very few of these) has done a superb two part series on BBC 2 on the roots of the Super Rich and Us (episode 1) and the proliferation precariat (episode 2)
Check it out as it is gripping and a good sequel to Naomi Klein's book On this Changes Everything. Though the series is not about climate change it is about the background to the precariat and a return to Victorian times.
Here is the link. Unfortunately the BBC scheduled them near to midnight that past two weeks so almost nobody saw them.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b04xw2x8
Pat
On 28 Jan 2015, at 11:39, Annemarie Naylor <[email protected]> wrote:
Thanks - all - very helpful!
Annemarie
Annemarie Naylor
Director, Common Futures
T. 07525 236797 <tel:07525%20236797> E: [email protected] W: http://www.commonfutures.eu/
Follow me on twitter @commonfutrs
12 Sandford Close, Wivenhoe, Colchester, Essex, CO7 9NP
Common Futures is a company limited by guarantee, registered in England no. 8481503
From: Michel Bauwens <[email protected]> Date: Wednesday, 28 January 2015 10:58 To: Pat Conaty <[email protected]> Cc: Annemarie Naylor <[email protected]>, George Papanikolaou < [email protected]>, John Restakis <[email protected]>, David Bollier <[email protected]>, Marguerite Mendell < [email protected]>, Heike Loeschmann <[email protected]>, "[email protected]" <[email protected]>, Benjamin Tincq < [email protected]>, Kevin Flanagan <[email protected]>, marihipotenusa <[email protected]>, Nicolas Krausz < [email protected]>, "[email protected]" <[email protected]>, Mike Lewis <[email protected]> Subject: Re: Open Co-operativism report
Pat,
this would be important to educate our networks, if not myself, but I am travelling now and dealing with some emergencies,
could you provide us with a clear excerpt of your choice, that explains that distinction between cooperative capital and money ?
Michel
On Wed, Jan 28, 2015 at 5:51 PM, Pat Conaty < [email protected]> wrote:
Annemarie and Michel
Glad to hear Annemarie that my alternative currency pal, John Waters has been helpful to you. I really look forward to reading your report.
Michel, yes indeed, the work with SolNantes in France is exciting as it involves up to 25 local government bodies.
Annemarie, Leander Bindewald is a Gernan researcher and colleague of mine at NEF. See the info below about SolNantes.
http://us3.campaign-archive1.com/?u=68acbe3a1464672d97cffc627&id=4c87ec6bf4&... <http://us3.campaign-archive1.com/?u=68acbe3a1464672d97cffc627&id=4c87ec6bf4&e=fb078743b8> <http://us3.campaign-archive1.com/?u=68acbe3a1464672d97cffc627&id=4c87ec6bf4&e=fb078743b8>
The UK partners in this EU wide alliance include Lambeth £ and Bristol £ so these UK groups are watching with keen interest the SolNantes launch after the successful trials last year.
There js a problem though. Liquidity and money is one thing and capital is another. We need both co-operative money and co-operative capital. That is what my Co-operative Commonwealth paper on the Commons Transition site is about. Most complementary money people do not make this clear and conflate both concepts of money and capital.
On the other hand for capital there is the growing community development finance movement and the social banking movements. We need to get these alternative bankers more involved with SolNantes.
See this paper on Community Banking Partnership (CBP) attached. We ran pilots on these over five years and some have come out of this successful. In Bristol the Bristol £, the Bristol Credit Union, several CDFI lenders are involved in working up a city wide pilot of CBP. I have been invoked in the set up thinking and some colleagues of mine are involved in the early stage work now underway. If this works the aim is for it to become a national model.
In the USA, you have these Community Banking Networks and some very large now. Introducing co-operative money and joining both up is key to reinventing banking and money on a democratic basis. Alternatives Credit Union in Ithaca, New York have formed a joint venture between Ithaca Hours and the pretty large credit union.
The CDFIs are working with expensive capital which is an issue but otherwise they are doing fantastic work. They need access to convivial money. That is a subtext of my Co-operative Commonwealth paper.
Hope this is helpful.
Pat
On 28 Jan 2015, at 09:21, Michel Bauwens <[email protected]> wrote:
dear Annemarie,
great opportunities,
a few ideas, have a look if you can at nantes, which already had its own wir (ecoreseau, affiliated with the CIC) and now their own worgl with SoNantes ..
M3 is a really excellent magazine on commons urbanism, from the Grand Lyon, but monitoring urban trends in general. Emile Hooge is our man there and I have his email. Their latest issue was on l'economie servicielle and mobility
The Bologna Regulation on the Commons should definitely be on your radar as a methodology of city-based commons governance, I have different contacts there, though 'the man' is definitely christian iaione
Two important themes:
* instigating idle sourcing and the sharing economy, on hopefully non-neoliberal terms .. Neal Gorenflo and the team around janelle orsi at SELC monitor this very closely. Seoul is know to have done things a bit differently than the start up road.
* resilient cities and social/solidarity economies ...: we need civic economy incubators .. Geneve has a Chambre de l'Economie Sociale et Solidaire, Jean Rossiaud knows more
I have various documentation on this in my wiki, so ask for specific links on anything of interest
so in conclusion the suggested themes are:
* incubators
* governance mechanisms
I'm sure John Restakis would have recommended adding the social care cooperatives as models to be on your radar
Michel
On Wed, Jan 28, 2015 at 4:07 PM, Annemarie Naylor < [email protected]> wrote:
Dear All
You may recall I was looking for x5 'big ideas' when we were together in Berlin for an English County Council, and that Pat helpfully introduced me to an(other) ALT currency expert to help me produce the eventual report (attached, again, for speed).
I subsequently fed some of the thinking into an NLGN publication: http://www.nlgn.org.uk/public/2014/the-council-and-the-common-local-governme... whose author is now writing a book about the scope to commonify local government post the forthcoming general election in the UK; again, I'm invited to contribute thinking in this instance, so do send anything you think might be useful and, in particular, concrete examples of 'doing different' by local state actors as and when you come across them.
Meanwhile, I'm invited to draw upon the original report to devise a workshop for the Society of County Treasurers (so, senior finance officers from County Councils - the largest representation of the 'local state' in England). I've suggested I 'lose' the focus on customer services / libraries - save to exemplify possible ways forward with a practical case in point - and that I major on the scope to adapt IBM's social collaboration drive, introduce an ALT / electronic currency, and design then implement an inward investment strategy for social and community enterprise.
If you think there are other 'big ideas' / themes I should be developing for Finance people - I have land covered - please could you let me know? And, if you look at the report and can help to bring up to date / enliven any of the sections I plan to focus on, all thoughts/suggestions from you would be very welcome.
NB: this represents an EXCELLENT opportunity to influence the reconfiguration of the local state in England such that it is alive to the prospect of open cooperatives - a x2 day event hosted by the incoming President and Chief Finance Officer of one of the largest local authorities in England which also boasts the Minister for Local Government in England as one of its Mps.
Many thanks - as ever, Annemarie
Annemarie Naylor
Director, Common Futures
T. 07525 236797 <tel:07525%20236797> E: [email protected] W: http://www.commonfutures.eu/
Follow me on twitter @commonfutrs
12 Sandford Close, Wivenhoe, Colchester, Essex, CO7 9NP
Common Futures is a company limited by guarantee, registered in England no. 8481503
From: David Bollier <[email protected]> Date: Monday, 19 January 2015 15:15 To: Michel Bauwens <[email protected]>, Pat Conaty < [email protected]>, John Restakis <[email protected]>, Marguerite Mendell <[email protected]>, Heike Loeschmann < [email protected]>, Annemarie Naylor <[email protected]>, Kate Swade <[email protected]>, Benjamin Tincq <[email protected]>, Mike Lewis <[email protected]>, Kevin Flanagan < [email protected]>, marihipotenusa <[email protected]>, Nicolas Krausz <[email protected]>, <[email protected]> Subject: Re: Open Co-operativism report
Dear friends from the Open Co-operativism Workshop,
Pat Conaty and I are pleased to send along the final version of our report on our workshop, attached.
Thank you all for your thoughtful comments and edits. We ended up doing more re-writing and editing than anticipated, but we are pleased with the final result and hope that the report will stimulate some new conversations and action.
I know of at least three web postings of the report that will occur in the near future -- one on my blog (www.bollier.org < http://www.bollier.org/> ), one on the Heinrich Boell Foundation's website, and one on the P2P Foundation website. I will share those links when they are available. If you or other third parties post the report, write about it, or have some interesting reactions, please let us know.
We have already seen a number of dialogues and collaborations inspired by our workshop(s). Let's keep in touch about these initiatives -- and new opportunities to advance a convergence of movements!
Best wishes, David and Pat
-- David Bollier [email protected]
My blog: Bollier.org <http://bollier.org/> Think Like a Commoner: www.ThinkLikeACommoner.com < http://www.thinklikeacommoner.com/> Green Governance: www.commonslawproject.org < http://www.commonslawproject.org/> The Wealth of the Commons: www.wealthofthecommons.org < http://www.wealthofthecommons.org/>
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