[Solar-general] offtopic: autotrabajo
Marcos Germán Guglielmetti
marcos en ovejafm.com
Jue Jul 22 15:19:14 CEST 2010
On Tuesday 20 July 2010 10:51:55 Diego Saravia wrote:
> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> From: Stefan Meretz <stefan en meretz.de>
> Date: 2010/7/20
> Subject: [ox-en] keimform.de: Productive pigs and unproductive children
> To: list-en en oekonux.org
>
>
> http://www.keimform.de/2010/productive-pigs-and-unproductive-children/
>
> Productive pigs and unproductive children
>
> Von StefanMz
>
> <http://www.keimform.de/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/paid_unpaid_labor-300x19
>0.png>
>
> In our economy-driven society it is taken for granted, that it is »the
> economy« which produces the societally necessary goods. However, this is
> not the case, which can be impressively shown by looking into official
> statistics.
>
> The german Federal Statistical Office has carried out two »time usage
> surveys«, one in 1991/92 and one in 2001/02, by which it was determined
> what time people use for what kind of activity. In a preface of a
> booklet presenting the results the secretary being responsible at that
> time wrote:
>
> The fact, that quality of life in our society especially needs those
> works, which are not paid and not taken into account by national
> economy statistics—like housekeeping, child education, civil
> engagement, and honorary works—this fact is vividly and highly
> visible presented by this survey.
>
> Before judging the survey—in contrast to the secretary ending her
> preface with the cited sentence—some results will be presented
> previously. I will focus on data concerning paid and unpaid labor.
> Unpaid labor apply to all household activities (so called household
> production), and care and support as well as honorary activities.
>
> The illustration shown above (click to enlarge) shows the year-volume of
> unpaid and paid labor, in each case for the period of the first and
> second survey. By calculating the proportions of labor being entirely
> necessary in society, one gets a fraction of approx. *63%* unpaid and
> *37%* paid labor for both periods (with a minimal shift towards paid
> labor).
>
> However, the home-to-office times had been reported separately. If
> adding these efforts to unpaid labor (which usually should be the case:
> although necessary for gainful employment no money is received for it),
> one gets a fraction of approx. *65.5%* unpaid and *34.5%* paid labor.
> All in all one can assume a relationship of *two third of unpaid labor*
> to *one third of paid labor* .
>
> Furthermore, if one thinks of the findings of Karl Marx, that the value
> of the labor power is determined by the costs to re-/build it, then
> aspects separated by the survey like _regeneration_ (free time,
> recreation, media usage) and _continuing education_ had to be included
> as well. However, since the survey is a time based study, monetary costs
> cannot be determined.
>
> Also assisting times for persons needing care are rather underestimated,
> because »the permanent on-call duty« (Schäfer) is not incorporated. Etc.
> More points could be mentioned more and more generally _questioning the_
> _treatment of activities of life as being »labor«_—and not only the
> fact, whether they are paid or not.
>
> It is funny that the analysis of the survey data tries to calculate the
> »value« of the unpaid labor. An after tax payment of 6 Euro (1991/92)
> and 7 Euro (2001/02) respectively is assumed. By adding usual social
> services the amounts could be doubled. If one is doing calculations
> already then all pass through used-up and long-lasting goods have to be
> comprised, too. Finally one ends up with a »household enterprise«, which
> could be compared with a »normal« business company. Its GDP (gross
> domestic product) proportion is about 43% and 40% respectively.
> Calculating base is the after tax payment mentioned above for the
> »household enterprise«. If one inserts pre-tax earnings or average
> production wages instead, this would lead to completely different
> results which means, that numerical games based on monetary values are
> basically pointless.
>
> What does it mean when twice as much of necessary activities in a
> society are done unpaid than paid?
>
> First, one should accept the fact, that this is the case! The »economy«
> is—in terms of time—not the most important sphere of societally
> necessary activities. At the same time its logics are totally dominant:
> Only what pays off will be done economically, will be exploited. In this
> logics no exploitation means misfortune, poverty, exclusion, crash.
>
> The »non-economy« is the other side of the »economy« in a double sense:
> Without its contributions »economy« would not be possible. »Non-economy«
> catches all those activities which have to be done but are not
> exploitable. At the same time it is the pool of potentially exploitable
> »worthless« things: More and more activities are graped by the logics of
> exploitation and formed by its image (e.g. commercialized care
> activities which are scaled by minutes, whereas human attention remains
> an alien task).
>
> Finally, it is not astonishing, that both fields are structured by
> gender (the survey analyzes the »non-economy« in respect of gender
> specificity): the »female non-economy« is opposed by a »male economy«.
> Here we find the same general relation of exploitation and not-yet-
> exploited: What is currently not the case can emerge in the future. Or
> the other way around: Whose labor power is exploitable, is allowed to do
> the physical and psychic clean-up in the split-off »non-sphere«.
>
> The economist Friedrich List
> <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_List> already knew:
>
> Who rears pigs is a productive, who rears children is an
> unproductive member of society.
>
> Exactly there we are yet today.
>
> *Literature*
>
> Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend (Hrsg.), Wo
> bleibt die Zeit? Die Zeitverwendung der Bevölkerung in Deutschland
> 2001/02 (german)
>
> D. Schäfer, Unbezahlte Arbeit und Haushaltsproduktion im Zeitvergleich,
> in: Statistisches Bundesamt (Hrsg.), Alltag in Deutschland. Analyse zur
> Zeitverwendung, Forum der Bundesstatistik, Band 43, 2004, S. 247-273
> (german).
>
> Sources online: time usage survey (german: Zeitbudgeterhebung)
> <http://is.gd/dzoFm>
>
> --
> Start here: www.meretz.de
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interesante
--
Marcos Guglielmetti
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