<div dir="ltr"><br><div class="gmail_quote">---------- Forwarded message ----------<br>From: <b class="gmail_sendername">piqd - your piqs of the day</b> <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:dailydigest@piqd.com">dailydigest@piqd.com</a>></span><br>Date: Fri, Mar 16, 2018 at 2:00 AM<br>Subject: YouTube And Its Radicalizing Algorithm<br>To: Michel Bauwens <<a href="mailto:michelsub2004@gmail.com">michelsub2004@gmail.com</a>><br><br><br><u></u>
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<span class="m_-2620383558967739464text" style="color:#434343">YouTube And Its Radicalizing Algorithm</span>
</a></div></td></tr><tr class="m_-2620383558967739464pitch-text"><td style="color:#434343;word-wrap:break-word;font-size:0px;padding:10px 25px;padding-bottom:13px;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif" align="left"><div style="color:#434343;font-size:16px;line-height:22px;text-align:left;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif"><p>In an effort to tackle the spread of disinformation on the platform, two days ago, YouTube's CEO Susan Wojcicki <a href="https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/13/17117344/youtube-information-cues-conspiracy-theories-susan-wojcicki-sxsw" target="_blank">announced</a> that the company would start adding Wikipedia information to videos about known conspiracy theories. The move comes after YouTube faced heavy criticism for promoting conspiracy videos and hateful content – just last month, the platform was forced to <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/23/technology/trolls-step-ahead-facebook-youtube-florida-shooting.html" target="_blank">remove </a>one of its top trending videos alleging that David Hogg, a survivor of the Parkland school shooting, was a paid crisis actor.</p><p><a href="https://www.polygon.com/2018/3/14/17119932/wikipedia-conspiracy-theories-youtube-alex-jones" target="_blank">Critics</a> doubt that providing alternative viewpoints alongside controversial videos will solve the problem. Especially, if YouTube itself encourages consumption of extremist content through its algorithmic recommendations, as techno-sociologist Zeynep Tufekci suggest. In a sharp op-ed for The New York Times, she delineates YouTube’s monetization process, in which the company feeds its viewers with increasingly radical content, as this tends to lead to consumption of more videos. In other words, “<i>YouTube leads viewers down a rabbit hole of extremism, while Google racks up the ad sales</i>.”</p><p>Although YouTube has faced intense <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/jun/18/more-must-be-done-about-extremist-content-online-says-google" target="_blank">scrutiny</a> over the way terrorist groups have used the site for recruitment and propaganda, it’s only recently that the platform <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/03/technology/youtube-right-wing-channels.html" target="_blank">cracked down</a> on videos posted by the far-right. But YouTube’s ability to radicalize goes beyond any specific topic or area, Tufekci’s insightful article points out.</p><blockquote><p>“Videos about vegetarianism led to videos about veganism. Videos about jogging led to videos about running ultramarathons. It seems as if you are never ‘hard core’ enough for YouTube’s recommendation algorithm. It promotes, recommends and disseminates videos in a manner that appears to constantly up the stakes. Given its billion or so users, YouTube may be one of the most powerful radicalizing instruments of the 21st century,” writes Tufekci.</p></blockquote></div></td></tr><tr><td style="color:#434343;word-wrap:break-word;font-size:0px;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif"><div style="color:#434343;font-size:1px;line-height:20px;white-space:nowrap;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif"> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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<div style="color:#434343;font-size:16px;margin:0px auto;max-width:560px;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="color:#434343;font-size:0px;width:100%;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif" align="center" border="0" width="100%"><tbody><tr><td style="color:#434343;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;border-left:1px solid #dcdcdc;border-right:1px solid #dcdcdc;direction:ltr;font-size:0px;padding:20px 0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif" align="center" valign="top"><div class="m_-2620383558967739464mj-column-per-100 m_-2620383558967739464outlook-group-fix" style="color:#434343;vertical-align:top;display:inline-block;direction:ltr;font-size:13px;text-align:left;width:100%;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" border="0" style="color:#434343;font-size:16px;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif"><tbody><tr><td style="color:#434343;word-wrap:break-word;font-size:0px;padding:10px 25px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif" align="center"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="color:#434343;font-size:16px;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif" align="center" border="0"><tbody><tr><td style="color:#434343;font-size:16px;width:510px;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif" width="510"><a href="https://www.piqd.com/tracking/technology-politics/youtube-and-its-radicalizing-algorithm/original?cid=627eed218b467b80645dd5ce5b66b877&source=DailyDigestEmail" style="font-size:16px;color:#0d8faf;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif" target="_blank"><img alt="" title="" height="auto" src="https://image-cache.piqd.com/cIYwMg3nA9-R9PqgQD1oazcT8S4=/508x0/https%3A%2F%2Fstatic01.nyt.com%2Fimages%2F2018%2F03%2F11%2Fopinion%2Fsunday%2F11tufekci%2F11tufekci-facebookJumbo.jpg" style="display:block;outline:none;text-decoration:none;width:100%;height:auto" width="510"></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div style="color:#434343;font-size:16px;margin:0px auto;max-width:560px;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="color:#434343;font-size:0px;width:100%;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif" align="center" border="0" width="100%"><tbody><tr><td style="color:#434343;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;border-left:1px solid #dcdcdc;border-right:1px solid #dcdcdc;direction:ltr;font-size:0px;padding:25px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif" align="center" valign="top"><div class="m_-2620383558967739464mj-column-per-100 m_-2620383558967739464outlook-group-fix" style="color:#434343;vertical-align:top;display:inline-block;direction:ltr;font-size:13px;text-align:left;width:100%;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="color:#434343;font-size:16px;border-left:1px solid #dcdcdc;border-right:1px solid #dcdcdc;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif" width="100%" border="0"><tbody><tr><td style="color:#434343;word-wrap:break-word;font-size:0px;padding:10px 25px;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif" align="center"><div style="color:#909090;font-size:12px;line-height:22px;text-align:center;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif">Source: Zeynep Tufekci | <a href="http://nytimes.com" target="_blank">nytimes.com</a> on 03/11/2018 | Image: Jennifer Heuer | Language: EN</div></td></tr><tr><td style="color:#434343;word-wrap:break-word;font-size:0px;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif"><div style="color:#434343;font-size:1px;line-height:20px;white-space:nowrap;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif"> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="color:#434343;word-wrap:break-word;font-size:0px;padding:10px 25px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif" align="center"><div style="color:#434343;font-size:20px;line-height:1.2em;text-align:center;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif">Opinion | YouTube, the Great Radicalizer</div></td></tr><tr><td style="color:#434343;word-wrap:break-word;font-size:0px;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif"><div style="color:#434343;font-size:1px;line-height:40px;white-space:nowrap;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif"> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="color:#434343;word-wrap:break-word;font-size:0px;padding:10px 25px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif" align="center"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="color:#434343;font-size:16px;border-collapse:separate;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif" align="center" border="0"><tbody><tr><td style="font-size:16px;border:none;border-radius:3px;color:white;padding:10px 25px;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif" align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="#dc4534"><a href="https://www.piqd.com/tracking/technology-politics/youtube-and-its-radicalizing-algorithm/original?cid=627eed218b467b80645dd5ce5b66b877&source=DailyDigestEmail" style="text-decoration:none;line-height:100%;background:#dc4534;color:white;font-size:16px;font-weight:normal;text-transform:uppercase;margin:0px;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif" target="_blank">Read article</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td style="color:#434343;word-wrap:break-word;font-size:0px;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif"><div style="color:#434343;font-size:1px;line-height:40px;white-space:nowrap;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif"> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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<span class="m_-2620383558967739464text" style="color:#434343">'F*#% News' Not Just A Western Problem </span>
</a></div></td></tr><tr class="m_-2620383558967739464pitch-text"><td style="color:#434343;word-wrap:break-word;font-size:0px;padding:10px 25px;padding-bottom:13px;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif" align="left"><div style="color:#434343;font-size:16px;line-height:22px;text-align:left;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif"><p>Although the US, Britain and the EU still tend to dominate news headlines, it's not just Donald Trump and half of Europe that's battling against the rapid spread of false information online. In countries like Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, and South Korea, disinformation and misinformation campaigns are equally prominent, and possibly even more problematic – exploiting often volatile political party fault lines. Campaigns of false information also tend to have more diverse or different iterations than we see in 'the West', which exposes one of the primary mechanisms of the spread false information: how it exploits social behaviours in order to propagate. </p><p>This short <a href="https://www.poynter.org/news/east-and-southeast-asia-misinformation-visible-and-growing-concern" target="_blank">article</a> published on the Poynter network gives a timely and interesting overview of events and issues surrounding false information in South and Southeast Asia, and highlights why it's becoming a growing concern. </p><p>I'm going to add that I dislike the term 'f*#% news'. It's been militarised by politicians and governments, and been used so randomly, for so many types of information, that it has become almost simultaneously meaningless. This very weaponised-amorphousness is problematic in itself, where states are banning or disrupting what they term 'f*#% news', but without any clear or universally accepted definition of what that means. Although this article points out that several regimes in Asia are already doing this (arresting people for publishing misinformation), it doesn't overtly say if or why this is problematic. The appropriation of 'f*#% news' as a means of diluting media freedom is potentially a much larger global problem than the 'f*#% news' itself. </p><p></p></div></td></tr><tr><td style="color:#434343;word-wrap:break-word;font-size:0px;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif"><div style="color:#434343;font-size:1px;line-height:20px;white-space:nowrap;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif"> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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<div style="color:#434343;font-size:16px;margin:0px auto;max-width:560px;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="color:#434343;font-size:0px;width:100%;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif" align="center" border="0" width="100%"><tbody><tr><td style="color:#434343;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;border-left:1px solid #dcdcdc;border-right:1px solid #dcdcdc;direction:ltr;font-size:0px;padding:20px 0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif" align="center" valign="top"><div class="m_-2620383558967739464mj-column-per-100 m_-2620383558967739464outlook-group-fix" style="color:#434343;vertical-align:top;display:inline-block;direction:ltr;font-size:13px;text-align:left;width:100%;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" border="0" style="color:#434343;font-size:16px;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif"><tbody><tr><td style="color:#434343;word-wrap:break-word;font-size:0px;padding:10px 25px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif" align="center"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="color:#434343;font-size:16px;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif" align="center" border="0"><tbody><tr><td style="color:#434343;font-size:16px;width:510px;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif" width="510"><a href="https://www.piqd.com/tracking/technology-politics/f-news-not-just-a-western-problem/original?cid=627eed218b467b80645dd5ce5b66b877&source=DailyDigestEmail" style="font-size:16px;color:#0d8faf;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif" target="_blank"><img alt="" title="" height="auto" src="https://image-cache.piqd.com/lJflgZ2E6A4mBZCH4lYrTZlkhvw=/508x0/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.poynter.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2018-03%2Fmuslim-cyber-army.jpg" style="display:block;outline:none;text-decoration:none;width:100%;height:auto" width="510"></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div style="color:#434343;font-size:16px;margin:0px auto;max-width:560px;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="color:#434343;font-size:0px;width:100%;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif" align="center" border="0" width="100%"><tbody><tr><td style="color:#434343;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;border-left:1px solid #dcdcdc;border-right:1px solid #dcdcdc;direction:ltr;font-size:0px;padding:25px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif" align="center" valign="top"><div class="m_-2620383558967739464mj-column-per-100 m_-2620383558967739464outlook-group-fix" style="color:#434343;vertical-align:top;display:inline-block;direction:ltr;font-size:13px;text-align:left;width:100%;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="color:#434343;font-size:16px;border-left:1px solid #dcdcdc;border-right:1px solid #dcdcdc;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif" width="100%" border="0"><tbody><tr><td style="color:#434343;word-wrap:break-word;font-size:0px;padding:10px 25px;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif" align="center"><div style="color:#909090;font-size:12px;line-height:22px;text-align:center;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif">Source: Masato Kajimoto | <a href="http://poynter.org" target="_blank">poynter.org</a> on 03/14/2018 | Language: EN</div></td></tr><tr><td style="color:#434343;word-wrap:break-word;font-size:0px;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif"><div style="color:#434343;font-size:1px;line-height:20px;white-space:nowrap;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif"> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="color:#434343;word-wrap:break-word;font-size:0px;padding:10px 25px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif" align="center"><div style="color:#434343;font-size:20px;line-height:1.2em;text-align:center;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif">In East and Southeast Asia, misinformation is a visible and growing concern</div></td></tr><tr><td style="color:#434343;word-wrap:break-word;font-size:0px;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif"><div style="color:#434343;font-size:1px;line-height:40px;white-space:nowrap;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif"> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="color:#434343;word-wrap:break-word;font-size:0px;padding:10px 25px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif" align="center"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="color:#434343;font-size:16px;border-collapse:separate;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif" align="center" border="0"><tbody><tr><td style="font-size:16px;border:none;border-radius:3px;color:white;padding:10px 25px;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif" align="center" valign="middle" bgcolor="#dc4534"><a href="https://www.piqd.com/tracking/technology-politics/f-news-not-just-a-western-problem/original?cid=627eed218b467b80645dd5ce5b66b877&source=DailyDigestEmail" style="text-decoration:none;line-height:100%;background:#dc4534;color:white;font-size:16px;font-weight:normal;text-transform:uppercase;margin:0px;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif" target="_blank">Read article</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td style="color:#434343;word-wrap:break-word;font-size:0px;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif"><div style="color:#434343;font-size:1px;line-height:40px;white-space:nowrap;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif"> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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