<div dir="ltr"><br><div class="gmail_quote">---------- Forwarded message ----------<br>From: <b class="gmail_sendername">Dante-Gabryell Monson</b> <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:dante@ecobytes.net">dante@ecobytes.net</a>></span><br>Date: Mon, Aug 14, 2017 at 11:52 PM<br>Subject: Fwd: [platformcoop-discuss] Beyond "Diversity:" Design Justice & Platform Cooperativism?<br><br><br><div dir="ltr"><div><div>I believe this message from a public mailing list ( <a href="https://lists.riseup.net/www/info/platformcoop-discuss" target="_blank">https://lists.riseup.net/www/<wbr>info/platformcoop-discuss</a>) <br><br></div>sets forward well some of the challenges faced, in what I would describe as a form of political recuperation of concepts and practices till then remaining mostly within certain subcultures.<br><br></div>I will highlight this excerpt : <br><br>" Design takes place everywhere, but particular sites are valorized as<br>
ideal-type locations for design practices. There is a growing literature<br>
about, and increased discussion of, real world practices within<br>
hackerspaces, hackathons, and design challenges. <b>There has been a steady<br>
shift away from hacklabs as explicitly politicized spaces at the<br>
intersection of social movement networks and geek communities (Maxigas,<br>
2012). Instead, startup culture and neoliberal discourses of individual<br>
mastery and entrepreneurial citizenship have largely colonized<br>
hackerspaces (Irani, 2015), even as city administrators have leveraged<br>
technofetishism to create ‘innovation labs’ at the city level.</b> At the<br>
same time, there has been a more recent move towards intentional<br>
diversification of hacker and makerspaces, specifically along lines of<br>
gender, race, and sexual orientation. Examples include Liberating<br>
Ourselves Locally, Double Union, and more. <b>However, in addition to the<br>
diversification of hacklab participants, design justice requires a<br>
broader cultural shift, back towards intentional linkage of these spaces<br>
and their practices to social movement networks. We must interrogate the<br>
ideals, discourse, and practice of hackathons and design challenges:<br>
what do people think or pretend hackathons do, and what really happens<br>
at hackathons? How do we imagine them as more intentionally liberatory<br>
and inclusive sites where design justice principles and practices can<br>
be implemented?</b> How do institutions frame ‘problems’ for designers to<br>
‘solve’ in ways that systematically invisibilize structural inequality,<br>
history, and community strategies of innovation, resilience, and<br>
organized resistance? Examples might include Hurricane Hackers, Occupy<br>
Data Hackathons, MigraHack, and TransHack, as well as the DiscoTech<br>
model (pioneered by the Detroit Digital Justice Coalition) and the Make<br>
the Breast Pump Not Suck hackathon. Ultimately, we also need a shift<br>
from deficit to asset based approaches to design scoping, and for the<br>
formal inclusion of community members in design processes during scoping<br>
and ‘challenge’ definition phases of a design cycle, not only during the<br>
‘gathering ideas’ or ‘testing our solutions’ phases. "<br><br><br><br><div><div><div><div class="gmail_quote">---------- Forwarded message ----------<br>From: <b class="gmail_sendername">Sasha Costanza-Chock</b> <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:schock@mit.edu" target="_blank">schock@mit.edu</a>></span><br>Date: Mon, Aug 14, 2017 at 3:54 PM<br>Subject: [platformcoop-discuss] Beyond "Diversity:" Design Justice & Platform Cooperativism?<br>To: Enrique <br>Cc: Jovana , <a href="mailto:platformcoop-discuss@lists.riseup.net" target="_blank">platformcoop-discuss@lists.<wbr>riseup.net</a><br><br><br>Hi everyone,<br>
<br>
In the wake of this weekend's white supremacist attack, I've been<br>
thinking about the responsibility we have to push harder in every space<br>
to have difficult conversations about the intersections of race, class,<br>
gender, and other forms of structural inequality. In what ways are we,<br>
as individuals, group members, business founders, cooperators, people<br>
within institutions of various kinds, challenging these structures<br>
explicitly, and in what ways are we reproducing them?<br>
<br>
In light of that question, I'd like to share some draft text that I've<br>
been working on about Design Justice, a framework to move beyond the<br>
debate about 'diversity and inclusion' in tech work towards a deeper and<br>
more comprehensive analysis of what's going on with the technological<br>
reproduction of structural inequalities.<br>
<br>
It's a long read but I hope that many on this list will engage with the<br>
ideas here, especially as we think about how to work together to build<br>
the kind of future economy that we would like, one that respects all<br>
people, workers, and the planet.<br>
<br>
Thank you,<br>
Sasha<br>
<br>
--<br>
<br>
Notes on Design Justice and Digital Technologies<br>
Sasha Costanza-Chock<br>
<br>
(view as PDF: <a href="http://bit.ly/DJZine3Mockup" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/DJZine3Mockup</a> )<br>
<br>
All aspects of politics have undeniably been reshaped by digital<br>
technologies. Digital technologies have transformed both electoral<br>
campaigns and everyday interactions between the populace and the State;<br>
democratic deliberation and service delivery; highly mediated mass<br>
protest events and the unglamorous, daily work of community organizing.<br>
Unfortunately, the processes through which we currently develop, deploy,<br>
and control digital technologies all but ensure that they will, on<br>
balance, reproduce existing forms of structural power inequality.<br>
Because of this, digital technologies currently pose little threat to<br>
politics as usual under neoliberal democracy, or even, as we are<br>
increasingly and uncomfortably aware, under authoritarian rule. Indeed,<br>
as digital media platforms mature, both authoritarian states and<br>
resurgent hard-right political formations within advanced democracies<br>
have learned how to use them quite effectively to surveil social<br>
movements and dissidents, sow fear and doubt through the deployment of<br>
paid trolls and botnets, and amplify their own power. There is, however,<br>
cause for optimism. If we take ‘politics’ in a broader sense to include<br>
not only statecraft and governance from above, but also intersectional,<br>
bottom-up social movements and contentious politics, then there is still<br>
hope that digital technologies can serve as key tools for our collective<br>
liberation. Those communities most targeted within what Patricia Hill<br>
Collins calls the matrix of domination (the intersecting structures of<br>
white supremacy, heteropatriarchy, capitalism, and settler colonialism)<br>
already use digital technologies as tools to facilitate the formation of<br>
new political identities, organizations, networks, and movements. These<br>
movements have, in many cases, leveraged digital technologies to<br>
mobilize adherents and allies, advance specific policy goals, and<br>
transform culture at large. Yet if we are to realize the promise of<br>
these tools, then we must fundamentally transform the ways that they are<br>
designed.<br>
<br>
Design justice, an emergent concept that is being developed in large<br>
part through the efforts of folks connected to the Allied Media<br>
Conference, is a normative and pragmatic proposal for a liberatory<br>
approach to the design of digital technologies, products, services, and<br>
systems. Design justice proponents might argue that we have an ethical<br>
imperative to systematically advance democratic participation in all<br>
stages of the digital technology design process, and especially to<br>
center historically marginalized communities in this process, based on<br>
principles of democratic inclusion and social justice. At the same time,<br>
design that follows these principles can produce products and systems<br>
that work better for all of us, in the long run. We need to ask a series<br>
of questions about how the design of digital technologies currently<br>
works, and about how we want it to work. We need to raise questions of<br>
accountability (who gets to do design? how do we move towards community<br>
control of design processes?), values (what values do we encode and<br>
reproduce in the objects and systems that we design?), discourse (What<br>
stories do we tell about how things are designed? How do we scope design<br>
challenges, and frame design problems?), sites (Where do we do design?<br>
How do we make design sites accessible to those who will be most<br>
impacted by design processes? What design sites are privileged and what<br>
sites are ignored or marginalized?), political economy (who profits<br>
from, and what social relationships are reproduced by, design?), and<br>
pedagogy (how do we teach and learn design justice skills and<br>
practices?) At the same time, we have to document innovative<br>
community-led digital design practices, each grounded in the specificity<br>
of a particular social movement. There is a growing community of<br>
designers, technologists, and engaged scholars who work hand in hand<br>
with community based organizations, through iterative stages of project<br>
ideation, design, testing, evaluation, launch, and stewardship; we<br>
invite you, the reader, to participate in these communities. Let’s work<br>
towards design justice in theory, practice, and pedagogy.<br>
<br>
This approach should resonates strongly with the current widespread<br>
rise of intersectional feminist thought and action, most visible in<br>
networked social movements such as #BlackLivesMatter, the immigrant<br>
rights movement, LGBTQI struggles and Trans* rights, indigenous<br>
struggles such as #IdleNoMore and #StandWithStandingRock, and new<br>
formations in the labor movement, but also influential across the entire<br>
political landscape in the linked resistence to the resurgent right in<br>
the age of Trump. We might work to connect these movements more<br>
explicitly to debates about technology design, and to deepen and extend<br>
the range and impact of the already highly visible conversation about<br>
the need for diversity in the technology sector. Let’s make visible the<br>
growing community of design practitioners who are working in alignment<br>
with today’s liberatory social movements, and inspire more designers to<br>
join that community.<br>
<br>
1. Design Justice: An Introduction<br>
<br>
Design Justice might initially be seen as part of a long turn<br>
towards the theory and practice of User Centered Design, as well as the<br>
more recent advance of value driven design, both increasingly popular<br>
within industry. These shifts are important and have had the practical<br>
outcome of producing products that better respond to user needs, and<br>
that are designed with affordances that fit the values of design teams.<br>
However, they don’t satisfy the normative or ethical goals of aligning<br>
design with larger struggles to overturn the intersectional matrix of<br>
domination (along lines of race, class, gender identity and sexual<br>
orientation, disability, immigration status, and more), in part because<br>
these approaches are too easily appropriated as extractive mechanisms by<br>
oppressive institutions and systems. Design justice goes further than<br>
previous proposals since it not only argues for equity in employment in<br>
the design professions and for the intentional inclusion of values in<br>
decisions about the affordances of designed objects and systems, it also<br>
insists on community participation, leadership, and accountability<br>
throughout the design process, as well as community ownership of digital<br>
technologies and of the narratives about them.<br>
<br>
2. “Nothing About Us, Without Us.” Design Accountability: Who<br>
participates in, owns, and governs digital technology development?<br>
<br>
Next, we must explore the idea that the most valuable ‘ingredient’<br>
in Design Justice is the full inclusion of people with direct lived<br>
experience of the conditions the designers say they are trying to<br>
change. We could summarize the recent state of knowledge on the raced,<br>
classed, and gendered nature of employment in the technology sector, but<br>
we also need to shift from an argument for equity (we need diverse<br>
designers and software developers) to an argument for accountability<br>
(those most affected by the outcomes should lead and own digital design<br>
processes and products). The ‘participatory turn’ in technology design<br>
includes intersecting histories of User-Led Innovation, Participatory<br>
Design, and Feminist HCI (Von Hippel, 2005; Schuler and Namioka, 1993;<br>
Bardzell, 2010). Case studies might include the disability justice<br>
movement, whose activists popularized the phrase “Nothing About Us,<br>
Without Us,” (Charlton, 1998) and ACT UP!, who transformed HIV treatment<br>
through a potent mix of direct action, media savvy, and policy lobbying<br>
(Shepard, 2002). The key lessons include: involving members of the<br>
community that is most directly affected by the issue that you are<br>
focusing on is crucial, both because it’s ethical, and also because the<br>
tacit and experiential knowledge of community members is sure to produce<br>
ideas, approaches and innovations that a non-member of the community<br>
would be very unlikely to come up with. It’s possible to create formal<br>
community accountability mechanisms in design processes. This is<br>
especially urgent to do when working with historically marginalized<br>
communities, but applies to any and all design processes. The vast<br>
majority of community-based organizations don’t feel like they have the<br>
resources, skills, or time to participate in technology design. This<br>
doesn’t mean that they aren’t doing design, that they can’t do design,<br>
or that it doesn’t make sense to try and include them in a design<br>
process focused on an area that they work in; it means that a Design<br>
Justice framework requires doing the work to gather resources that will<br>
enable community participation and shared ownership.<br>
<br>
3. “Hard-coding Liberation.” Design Values: What values do we encode and<br>
reproduce in the digital objects and systems that we design?<br>
<br>
We also have to explore the ways that values are reproduced in the<br>
affordances of the objects, processes, and systems that we design. Here<br>
we could turn to the literature on affordances (Gibson, 1977), and build<br>
on feminist and antiracist strands within science and technology studies<br>
to unpack recent examples of the ways that intersecting forms of<br>
oppression, including white supremacy, heteropatriarchy, capitalism, and<br>
settler colonialism, are constantly hard-coded into designed objects<br>
(Wajcman, 2010). This typically takes place not because designers are<br>
intentionally ‘malicious,’ but through unintentional mechanisms,<br>
including assumptions about the ‘unmarked’ end-user, the use of<br>
systematically biased datasets to train algorithms using machine<br>
learning techniques, and limited feedback loops. The increased<br>
visibility of ‘values in design’ (Friedman, 1997) is an important shift<br>
in design thinking and practice, and design justice further extends this<br>
approach. While values in design urges us to consider the ways that we<br>
hard-code oppressive values and norms into technological affordances,<br>
design justice adds an emphasis on the transformative potential of<br>
broader participation in the design process, as well as attention to<br>
ultimate ownership, stewardship, and accrual of benefits from designed<br>
objects and systems.<br>
<br>
4. “From TXTMob to Twitter.” Design Discourse: What stories do we tell<br>
about the design of digital technologies<br>
<br>
Stories have power. For example, contrast the ‘official’ Twitter<br>
origin story (one of the founders had a brilliant blue-sky flash of<br>
genius) with counternarratives from developers who were part of the<br>
process (anarchist activists created the demo design for Twitter as a<br>
tool to help affinity groups stay one step ahead of the cops in the NYC<br>
Republican National Convention actions of 2004; see Siles, 2013). The<br>
key point is that innovation in media technology, like all technological<br>
innovation, is an interplay between users and tool developers, not a<br>
top-down process. Social movements, in particular, have always been a<br>
hotbed of innovation in media tools and practices, in part because of<br>
the relationship between the media industries and social movement<br>
(mis)representation. Social movements, especially when led by<br>
marginalized communities, are systematically ignored and misrepresented<br>
in the mass media, so movements often form strong community media<br>
practices, create active counterpublics, and develop media innovations<br>
out of necessity (Downing, 2000). Many social movement media innovations<br>
are later adopted by the journalism profession and by the broader<br>
cultural industries, although stripped of their original<br>
counterhegemonic intent. Examples include Indymedia and CNN iReports,<br>
TxtMob and Twitter, and DIY livestreams from DeepDish TV to Occupy<br>
(GlobalRevolution, Timcast) to Periscope and FaceBook Live. We have to<br>
tell these stories, so that our contributions to the history of<br>
technology development aren’t erased.<br>
<br>
5. “Making the Breast Pump Not Suck.” Design Sites: Where do we create<br>
new digital technologies?<br>
<br>
Design takes place everywhere, but particular sites are valorized as<br>
ideal-type locations for design practices. There is a growing literature<br>
about, and increased discussion of, real world practices within<br>
hackerspaces, hackathons, and design challenges. There has been a steady<br>
shift away from hacklabs as explicitly politicized spaces at the<br>
intersection of social movement networks and geek communities (Maxigas,<br>
2012). Instead, startup culture and neoliberal discourses of individual<br>
mastery and entrepreneurial citizenship have largely colonized<br>
hackerspaces (Irani, 2015), even as city administrators have leveraged<br>
technofetishism to create ‘innovation labs’ at the city level. At the<br>
same time, there has been a more recent move towards intentional<br>
diversification of hacker and makerspaces, specifically along lines of<br>
gender, race, and sexual orientation. Examples include Liberating<br>
Ourselves Locally, Double Union, and more. However, in addition to the<br>
diversification of hacklab participants, design justice requires a<br>
broader cultural shift, back towards intentional linkage of these spaces<br>
and their practices to social movement networks. We must interrogate the<br>
ideals, discourse, and practice of hackathons and design challenges:<br>
what do people think or pretend hackathons do, and what really happens<br>
at hackathons? How do we imagine them as more intentionally liberatory<br>
and inclusive sites where design justice principles and practices can<br>
be implemented? How do institutions frame ‘problems’ for designers to<br>
‘solve’ in ways that systematically invisibilize structural inequality,<br>
history, and community strategies of innovation, resilience, and<br>
organized resistance? Examples might include Hurricane Hackers, Occupy<br>
Data Hackathons, MigraHack, and TransHack, as well as the DiscoTech<br>
model (pioneered by the Detroit Digital Justice Coalition) and the Make<br>
the Breast Pump Not Suck hackathon. Ultimately, we also need a shift<br>
from deficit to asset based approaches to design scoping, and for the<br>
formal inclusion of community members in design processes during scoping<br>
and ‘challenge’ definition phases of a design cycle, not only during the<br>
‘gathering ideas’ or ‘testing our solutions’ phases.<br>
<br>
6. “Platform Cooperativism.” Critical Political Economy of Design: How<br>
does the design of digital technologies reproduce or challenge the<br>
relations of production?<br>
<br>
Design is a key ‘moment’ in the reproduction of social and economic<br>
relationships and social control under white supremacist capitalist<br>
heteropatriarchy and settler colonialism. At the same time, there is a<br>
growing conversation about platform cooperativism vs. the so-called<br>
‘sharing economy’ (Scholz and Schneider, 2016). We need to consider the<br>
application of design justice principles to labor market platform<br>
development. The main point is that platform ownership is a key source<br>
of capitalist profitability and worker exploitation, and that<br>
counterstrategies include organic self-organization, platform organizing<br>
by labor unions, and platform cooperativism. Examples include<br>
Turkopticon, SherpaShare, Contratados.org, Care.com’s partnership with<br>
NDWA, the development of apps by taxi worker cooperatives, and so on.<br>
Design justice, applied to the development of digital labor markets,<br>
requires that designers and developers involve workers, worker advocacy<br>
organizations, and cooperatives from the beginning in the design of<br>
(cooperative, worker owned) platforms in various sectors. Platform<br>
cooperativism is an important proposal with a growing group of<br>
adherents. At the same time, platform cooperativism will not be able to<br>
advance as a liberatory project if it fails to fully incorporate an<br>
intersectional feminist analysis of capitalism.<br>
<br>
7. Design Pedagogy: How do we teach and learn Design Justice?<br>
<br>
Finally, it is a moment that requires reflection on a critical<br>
pedagogy of design justice. We might begin with critical pedagogy and<br>
popular education, based in work by Paolo Freire, Henry Giroux, and bell<br>
hooks, and place these ideas in dialogue with design education<br>
practitioners and theorists such as Seymour Pappert and Mitchel Resnick,<br>
as well as actually existing design justice pedagogy as practices in<br>
spaces like the Detroit Community Technology Project, the MIT<br>
Collaborative Design Studio, and elsewhere. What would it mean for<br>
institutional structures to support a community-engaged pedagogy of<br>
technology design? What are the challenges in an age of the<br>
neoliberalization of the educational system? Personally when I think<br>
about this area I draw from my own experience creating and teaching the<br>
Civic Media: Co-Design Studio course, that I developed and have taught<br>
since 2012 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology<br>
(<a href="http://codesign.mit.edu" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">codesign.mit.edu</a>). I’m hoping we can build more of a public dialogue<br>
about what a pedagogy of design justice looks like in practice.<br>
<br>
8. Design Justice: Conclusions<br>
<br>
By default, digital technologies are designed in ways that reproduce<br>
existing forms of structural inequality. Only through conscious and<br>
coordinated intervention can we bend the arc of digital technology<br>
development towards justice. There are many mechanisms at work in this<br>
process: designers, intended benificiaries, scope, values, discourse,<br>
sites, governance, and other aspects of the development, deployment, and<br>
use of digital technology are all structured by race, class, gender<br>
identity, sexual orientation, immigration status, disability, geography,<br>
and other intersecting axes of inequality. Power reproduces itself<br>
through the stories about technology design that we center (design<br>
discourse); who we pay to design and develop digital technologies<br>
(employment inequity); the imagined ‘end users’ for whom we design the<br>
majority of digital technologies (design benificiaries); the<br>
affordances, features, presets, intentional and unintentional biases<br>
that we encode into digital technologies (encoded values); the inclusion<br>
and exclusion of various kinds of people from the places and spaces<br>
where we design digital technologies (design sites); the allocation of<br>
decisionmaking power over the digital technologies in our lives<br>
(governance), and more. There is also a growing community of design<br>
justice practitioners: people, organizations, and networks that already<br>
work on a daily basis to realize design justice principles in practice.<br>
This zine includes the principles of design justice as developed through<br>
the Design Justice Network Gathering at Allied Media Conference. Those<br>
principles are a living document, and we hope to continue to develop<br>
them together. We might also explore how to evaluate design according to<br>
those principles, and we urge the reader to consider how these<br>
principles might apply to their own work. Let’s build theory, practice,<br>
and pedagogy of Design Justice together!<br>
<br>
<br>
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</div><br><br clear="all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div>Check out the Commons Transition Plan here at: <a href="http://commonstransition.org" target="_blank">http://commonstransition.org</a> </div><div><br></div>P2P Foundation: <a href="http://p2pfoundation.net" target="_blank">http://p2pfoundation.net</a> - <a href="http://blog.p2pfoundation.net" target="_blank">http://blog.p2pfoundation.net</a> <br><br><a href="http://lists.ourproject.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/p2p-foundation" target="_blank"></a>Updates: <a href="http://twitter.com/mbauwens" target="_blank">http://twitter.com/mbauwens</a>; <a href="http://www.facebook.com/mbauwens" target="_blank">http://www.facebook.com/mbauwens</a><br><br>#82 on the (En)Rich list: <a href="http://enrichlist.org/the-complete-list/" target="_blank">http://enrichlist.org/the-complete-list/</a> <br></div></div></div></div>
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