<div dir="ltr"><br><div class="gmail_quote">---------- Forwarded message ----------<br>From: <b class="gmail_sendername">Great Transition Network</b> <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:gtnetwork@greattransition.org">gtnetwork@greattransition.org</a>></span><br>Date: Mon, Aug 1, 2016 at 11:15 PM<br>Subject: Against Ecocide (GTN Discussion)<br>To: <a href="mailto:michelsub2004@gmail.com">michelsub2004@gmail.com</a><br><br><br><br>
>From Alan Zulch <<a href="mailto:azulch@kalliopeia.org">azulch@kalliopeia.org</a>><br>
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[Moderator's Note: The comment period is closed. The remaining comments will be sent out over the course of today and tomorrow, and then Femke will have the opportunity to respond.]<br>
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Sadly, I share Bill Rees’s conclusion that it is too late to avoid accelerating ecocide, though I differ with his assumption that H. sapiens is innately programmed to overexploit its environment. Countless Indigenous cultures – based on their worldviews of oneness with nature – have lived in dynamic and harmonious (if imperfect) reciprocity with their natural environments for eons. It is from such cultures that I believe Western culture can – must – learn.<br>
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Given the extraordinary power of Western culture’s giant homogenization engine, and the tremendous global inertia behind the confluence of business-as-usual factors – coupled with the dire and mounting effects on the natural environment that are flowing from them – it appears all but inevitable that modern civilization cannot avoid hitting an entropic wall in relatively short order. Like all efforts to tweak the existing system, codifying ecocide as a crime offers an incremental way to lessen the impact, but as Bill Rees says, it is not enough to stop ecocide, for it remains a technical fix arising and indirectly reinforcing an erroneous Western belief in the separation of humans and nature.<br>
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What is an alternative approach that more directly points to the root of our problem of obsolete worldview and identity? We have, I believe, a better chance to mitigate the coming impact by remembering what we lost long ago when we adopted a worldview of separation: the reality of our intrinsic inner and outer connection to all life. If we care to listen to what Indigenous Peoples are offering us, we soon realize that we – all of us, together– are the beneficiaries if we make efforts to uplift Native voices and to protect, preserve, and revitalize Indigenous cultures. But it’s so hard to listen or care when we are so distracted – by technology, by media, by the siren-like call of technological deliverance, by our own gripping fear of losing all that we know.<br>
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Indigenous Peoples and cultures offer us lessons in simplicity. Not romantic simplicity (see Wilbur’s pre/trans fallacy, which mistakes pre-conscious simplicity for post-complexity simplicity), but conscious simplicity as a survival imperative. As Oliver Wendell Holmes said, “I wouldn’t give a fig for the simplicity on this side of complexity, but I’d give my life for the simplicity on the other side of complexity.” Before long, we will not have a choice, for we will consciously chose simplicity or we will perish. As such, we ignore the accumulated wisdom of thousands of years of Indigenous Peoples at our own peril. And “our own” necessarily means our global peril, for there is nowhere to run or hide short of further indulgences of distraction, fantasy, or insanity.<br>
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Going forward, if simply from a thermodynamic imperative, simplification will occur because in a dissipative structure such as the Earth, entropy can only be mitigated through simplicity. We are on a finite planet, facing predicaments that Bill Rees well describes. Before long, simplifying won’t be a lifestyle choice or political stance, but a condition. As ecologist Jacopo Simonetta has pointed out, we’re not facing an energy crisis, we’re in an entropy crisis. We have insufficient capacity to dissipate entropy in our increasingly complex closed system. And this isn’t just physical entropy, but, fascinatingly, cultural, too, as Simonetta points out (<a href="http://www.cassandralegacy.blogspot.com/2016/03/the-other-side-of-global-crisis-entropy.html" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">www.cassandralegacy.blogspot.com/2016/03/the-other-side-of-global-crisis-entropy.html</a>).<br>
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Flowing from this, it appears that failure to understand or manage entropy is related to our culture’s inability to face limits, death, endings, closure, the shadow. Rather than face such realities directly, we moderns too often marginalize, banish, and deny them. And, as true for all shadow material, what we refuse to face consciously re-emerges from the underworld in distorted fashion, in the form of narcissism, cruelty, projection, anxiety, and compulsive behavior (Think consumption habits: “You can never get enough of what you don’t really need.”) Too, in its Western guise, this rejection of limits and limitations is codified into an ideology reinforced by assumptions of technological progress, endless growth economies, and the like. Combined, these learned behaviors are different but no less misanthropic than other profoundly narrow-minded reactionary worldviews we are seeing blossom forth with bitterness across the globe. The end result is ecocide, too powerful for any<br>
legal framework to overcome.<br>
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How shall we proceed?<br>
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The Chinese finger trap toy models the paradoxical response called for in these times: Faced with being trapped, our conditioned reaction is to pullback, which only tightens our predicament. Ironically, the solution involves a seemingly paradoxical behavior: to be released from our predicament, we must stop reacting and instead respond from a larger understanding of the inner and outer dynamics of our situation, which means we must stop pulling and instead relax, and be – be with, witness – and even move toward, our fear of entrapment. When we do, we discover that the grip loosens, and we increasingly find liberation from the bondage of preconceived ideas and beliefs that have kept us strapped to our sinking ship of a worldview.<br>
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Natural farming pioneer, Masanobu Fukuoka, advocated the throwing of seed-impregnated clay balls across the messy and unmanaged landscape on the assumption that many seeds would not survive, but some – a sufficient number for survival – would take root. I would like to think that while our global society is too hard-charging on its ecocidal trajectory to change course before hitting a thermodynamic wall and fragmenting, those of us who can should continue to make efforts – legal and otherwise – to not only mitigate the impact but to also seed the field for what might come next – we are throwing seed balls into the future. May enough of them find fertile ground in which to take root and thrive for future generations of all life.<br>
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Alan Zulch<br>
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Sunday, July 31, 2016<br>
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>From Bill Rees <<a href="mailto:wrees@mail.ubc.ca">wrees@mail.ubc.ca</a>><br>
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[Moderator's Note: Today will be the last day for comments. I will be spacing the comments that come in out over the next couple days if need be.]<br>
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Femke Wijdekop has provided an excellent summary of the ethical imperative and even self-interested reasons for codifying ecocide “as a fifth crime against peace, joining genocide, crimes of aggression, crimes against humanity, and war crimes”. Nevertheless, even in the (unlikely?) event that the world community succeeds in establishing the needed international legal framework, subsequent enforcement and related efforts will be even less successful than are existing sanctions against genocide, crimes of aggression, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. It is too late to avoid accelerating ecocide.<br>
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The reasons have to do with both basic human nature and the particular nature our ecological predicament, neither of which is adequately factored into most discussions of ecocide. First, H. sapiens shares with all other species innate propensities to expand into all accessible habitats and to use up all available resources. The difference is that modern humans are more successful in expressing these traits than are other organisms. H. sapiens thus has the widest geographic range of any vertebrate species—people have occupied all the habitable and not a few seemingly uninhabitable landscapes on Earth. And, because human ingenuity (technology) constantly redefines resource ‘availability’, we are uniquely capable of scouring the bottom of our Earthly barrel for the last traces of utility or value – which is, of course, exactly what we are doing (think ‘fracking’, deep-sea oil exploitation, fisheries collapses, etc., etc). The United Nations reports that, driven by<br>
relentless growth and facilitated by technological wizardry, the rate of resource exploitation has tripled in the past 40 years alone. As a result, the human enterprise is well into ecological overshoot, consuming even self-producing ‘resources’ faster than they can regenerate and filling nature’s waste sinks to over-flowing. (Climate change is actually an excess waste problem).<br>
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Second, this is a finite planet. It should therefore be obvious that the continuous expansion of the human enterprise must necessarily displace or extinguish thousands of other species. The unavoidable fact is that habitat and resources appropriated for use by humans are unavailable for use by competing non-human species. Consider the tens of millions of bison, deer and ‘antelope’ that once grazed the Great Plains of North America but which, in less than two centuries, gave way to humans and their livestock. This has been the story of human expansion everywhere since the dawn of agriculture. One result: the sheer mass of humans and their domestic animals now constitutes more than 98% of the terrestrial vertebrate biomass on Earth! This crude indicator alone proves H. sapiens to be the most (fatally?) successful carnivore and herbivore ever to walk the earth.<br>
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Bottom line? From the perspective of wild nature, virtually all ecosystems dominated by people – and that means most terrestrial ecosystems – are remnant ecosystems. Ecocide is the rule. And does anyone seriously think any of this is going to change with formal recognition of ecocide as a crime? As long as human populations continue to grow (three billion more mouths are expected around the table in coming decades); as long as material consumption increases with rising incomes; and as long as the world community subscribes to the compound myth of continuous technological progress and unconstrained economic growth, ecocide is an inevitable consequence.<br>
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Ironically, the no-growth alternative is hardly more attractive. This is a complex story for another forum—suffice it to say here that if the era of dependable economic growth and abundant cheap energy is indeed over (as some analysts suggest) we will have lost the world’s only politically acceptable ‘solution’ to poverty and most of society’s productive capacity. Increasing millions of desperate people will be forced to turn to the direct exploitation of 'nature' for income or basic survival. In fact, national parks and nature reserves are already under siege, poaching is epidemic and there are growing underground markets for so-called ‘bush meat’ in many parts of the world. The reality is that H. sapiens will eat many other species to extinction, including our closest biological relatives, before we succumb ourselves.<br>
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Of course, the whole dismal process will accelerate greatly if economic collapse or climate change displaces large human populations or triggers widespread conflict. Regrettably, we live in interesting times.<br>
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Bill Rees<br>
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Friday, July 1, 2016<br>
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>From Paul Raskin<br>
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Dear GTN:<br>
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Our JULY discussion will approach GTI’s overarching theme – shaping a civilized planetary future – from a fresh angle: the legal effort now gaining traction to criminalize the wanton destruction of nature.<br>
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Femke Wijdekop takes this on in a new Viewpoint, “Against Ecocide: Legal Protection for Earth.” Femke introduces the idea of the “rights of nature” and the history of the concept of “ecocide.” However, her primary focus is on action, specifically, the movement to add ecocide as a crime against peace under the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court.<br>
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Expanding the juridical architecture for protecting rights will surely be a vital prong in the systemic movement we so urgently need. But to what degree can it succeed in isolation? And what is the larger role of law and legal activism in a Great Transition?<br>
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Please read Femke’s short piece at <a href="http://www.greattransition.org/publication/against-ecocide" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">www.greattransition.org/publication/against-ecocide</a> and weigh in with your thoughts. It will be published in August, along with selected comments drawn from the forthcoming discussion<br>
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Comments are welcome through JULY 31.<br>
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Looking forward,<br>
Paul Raskin<br>
GTI Director<br>
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