<div><div><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><a href="http://northampton.academia.edu/TimCurtis/Papers/108687/The_Cultural_Shift_Research_outcomes">http://northampton.academia.edu/TimCurtis/Papers/108687/The_Cultural_Shift_Research_outcomes</a></div>
<div><br></div><div>pdf</div><div><br></div><div><i><b>Academic research outcomes from the</b></i></div><div><i><b>Skoll Centre for Social Entrepreneurship,</b></i></div><div><i><b>Saïd Business School, University of Oxford</b></i></div>
</div><div><br></div><div>//</div><div><br></div><div>I can go along their definition except for thee "takes no risk" Ashoka relates to "entredonneur" - perhaps one may want to understand how they define risk -</div>
<div><br></div><div><br></div><div><div><b>11:‘Entredonneur’</b></div><div><b><br></b></div><div>The fieldwork identified a series of individuals who seem key to the process</div><div>of creating a social enterprise but who never actually start or work for</div>
<div>the enterprise themselves. They generally, but not always, work in the</div><div>public sector, acting on behalf of emerging social enterprises, brokering</div><div>relationships between other key players and decision-makers, providing</div>
<div>and making links to information and other resources, but never ‘taking the</div><div>credit’ for the resulting enterprise, either in terms of respect, return on effort</div><div>or even being employed by the enterprise. Sometimes, the activity they</div>
<div>undertake is their job, perhaps in economic development, but often not.</div><div>In Ashoka’s sense of a social entrepreneur, these people “recognise when</div><div>a part of society is stuck and to provide new ways to get it unstuck” but</div>
<div>do so without taking the personal risk of pay or job security. These were</div><div>initially dubbed ‘extra’-preneur’ by the research team in order to explain</div><div>their external status but were renamed the more etymologically correct</div>
<div>‘entredonneur’17. However, they are different from Johnsson and Haag’s</div><div>(1987:65) extrapreneur in that, in this circumstance, the extrapreneur does</div><div>not leave the parent organisation but there is a clear commonality of mission</div>
<div>– the extrapreneur addresses “new or previously unsatisfactorily met needs</div><div>of proposed customers”. Although our extrapreneurs do not necessarily</div><div>“come from departments with severe competition with other employers</div>
<div>for personnel” a common factor is the “highly developed products, special</div><div>orders, ... highly specialised use” services and products developed in</div><div>response to customer-specific knowledge (1987:66)</div>
</div><div><br></div><div>///////////////////////</div><div><br></div><div><div>Entrepreneur means literally ‘takes from between’’ from the French word ‘prendre’-to take,</div><div>whereas ‘donneur’ refers to giving. The only known use of this term is Wood Wood, J. (1990).</div>
<div>“COMMENT: The Socially Responsible Designer.” Design Magazine(July)</div></div><div><br></div><div><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><a href="http://attainable-utopias.org/tiki/EntreDonneur">http://attainable-utopias.org/tiki/EntreDonneur</a></div>
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