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<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;">for the blog in 10 days or so:<br></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;">We have to remember that historically,
civil society actually meant the private sector, but this was a
private sector consisting of propertied individuals and some
powerful institutions such as the Church; most people, slaves, women,
non-propertied workers and farmers, where not part of civil society.
This only changed when, through many decades of popular struggles,
active citizenship rights were extented , creating a more vibrant
civil society, with many new types of social institutions such as
nonprofits, parties, but also many informal associations and
relationships, now very evident through peer production. Nevertheless
despite these gains in rights which insure formal equality in
citizenship, civil society remains a deeply divided reality. In many
countries, especially in the South, the very notion of civil society
is contested because it still retains powerful exclusionary
mechanisms.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;">I think we can adapt two changes to the
concept, so that it retains its value, as I think we need a concept
that describes what does not belong neither to the collective state
nor to private profit maximisation, but describes activities that
directly benefit the common good. The first is to use the concept of
civiC, rather than civil society, as this clearly links it with equal
citizenship and popular sovereignity.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;">The second change is that we have to
imperative exclude activities for private gain from the realm of
civic society.
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;">This then gives us the triarchy:</p>
<ol><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0in;">of the state, as representative
        institution (at least in democracies), that is formally in charge of
        the overall collective good, though of course in reality we know
        that it carries out this function for the benefit of ruling
        oligarchies, which means this function must be reclaimed in the
        interest of the citizens.</p>
</li></ol>
<ol start="2"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0in;">that of the private sector, which
        contains profit-maximising enterprises only concerned with their own
        private advancement, and therefore, not acting as citizens; these
        activities need to be transformed, so that they can no longer ignore
        positive and negative social externalities</p>
        </li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0in;">civic society then, is reserved
        for all those individual and collective entities which act directly
        from a perspective of the common good, through self-action and
        self-expression instead of representation (which distinguishes it
        from the state), and this can include market actions, on the very
        important condition that these are subsumed under the common good,
        i.e. undertaken by mission-oriented entities, for which the market
        activity is a means to an end, and not an end in itself or a means
        for profit maximisation.</p>
</li></ol>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><br>
</p>
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