[P2P-F] FW: Emailing: US nuclear regulators greatly underestimate potential for nuclear disaster Nuclear spent fuel fire could force millions of people to relocate -- ScienceDaily.htm
Michel Bauwens
michel at p2pfoundation.net
Sat May 27 10:59:44 CEST 2017
Princeton University, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International
Affairs. "US nuclear regulators greatly underestimate potential for nuclear
disaster: Nuclear spent fuel fire could force millions of people to
relocate." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 25 May 2017. <www.sciencedaily.com/
releases/2017/05/170525141544.htm>.
On Fri, May 26, 2017 at 10:36 PM, Hazel Henderson <
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> *Subject:* Emailing: US nuclear regulators greatly underestimate
> potential for nuclear disaster Nuclear spent fuel fire could force millions
> of people to relocate -- ScienceDaily.htm
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> US nuclear regulators greatly underestimate potential for nuclear disaster Nuclear
> spent fuel fire could force millions of people to relocate
>
> *Date:*
>
> May 25, 2017
>
> *Source:*
>
> Princeton University, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International
> Affairs
>
> *Summary:*
>
> The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission relied on faulty analysis to justify
> its refusal to adopt a critical measure for protecting Americans from
> nuclear-waste fires at dozens of reactor sites around the country,
> according to a recent article. Radioactivity from such a fire could force
> approximately 8 million people to relocate and result in $2 trillion in
> damages.
>
> *Share:*
>
> *FULL STORY*
> ------------------------------
>
> [image:
> https://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2017/05/170525141544_1_540x360.jpg]
>
> This image captures the spread of radioactivity from a hypothetical fire
> in a high-density spent-fuel pool at the Peach Bottom Nuclear Power Plant
> in Pennsylvania. Based on the guidance from the US Environmental Protection
> Agency and the experience from the Chernobyl and Fukushima accidents,
> populations in the red and orange areas would have to be relocated for many
> years, and many in the yellow area would relocate voluntarily. In this
> scenario, which is based on real weather patterns that occurred in July
> 2015, four major cities would be contaminated (New York City, Philadelphia,
> Baltimore and Washington, D.C.), resulting in the displacement of millions
> of people.
>
> *Credit: Photo courtesy of Michael Schoeppner, Princeton University,
> Program on Science and Global Security*
>
> [image:
> https://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2017/05/170525141544_1_900x600.jpg]
>
> This image captures the spread of radioactivity from a hypothetical fire
> in a high-density spent-fuel pool at the Peach Bottom Nuclear Power Plant
> in Pennsylvania. Based on the guidance from the US Environmental Protection
> Agency and the experience from the Chernobyl and Fukushima accidents,
> populations in the red and orange areas would have to be relocated for many
> years, and many in the yellow area would relocate voluntarily. In this
> scenario, which is based on real weather patterns that occurred in July
> 2015, four major cities would be contaminated (New York City, Philadelphia,
> Baltimore and Washington, D.C.), resulting in the displacement of millions
> of people.
>
> *Credit: Photo courtesy of Michael Schoeppner, Princeton University,
> Program on Science and Global Security*
>
> Close
>
> The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) relied on faulty analysis to
> justify its refusal to adopt a critical measure for protecting Americans
> from the occurrence of a catastrophic nuclear-waste fire at any one of
> dozens of reactor sites around the country, according to an article in the
> May 26 issue of *Science* magazine. Fallout from such a fire could be
> considerably larger than the radioactive emissions from the 2011 Fukushima
> accident in Japan.
>
> Published by researchers from Princeton University and the Union of
> Concerned Scientists, the article argues that NRC inaction leaves the
> public at high risk from fires in spent-nuclear-fuel cooling pools at
> reactor sites. The pools -- water-filled basins that store and cool used
> radioactive fuel rods -- are so densely packed with nuclear waste that a
> fire could release enough radioactive material to contaminate an area twice
> the size of New Jersey. On average, radioactivity from such an accident
> could force approximately 8 million people to relocate and result in $2
> trillion in damages.
>
> These catastrophic consequences, which could be triggered by a large
> earthquake or a terrorist attack, could be largely avoided by regulatory
> measures that the NRC refuses to implement. Using a biased regulatory
> analysis, the agency excluded the possibility of an act of terrorism as
> well as the potential for damage from a fire beyond 50 miles of a plant.
> Failing to account for these and other factors led the NRC to significantly
> underestimate the destruction such a disaster could cause.
>
> "The NRC has been pressured by the nuclear industry, directly and through
> Congress, to low-ball the potential consequences of a fire because of
> concerns that increased costs could result in shutting down more nuclear
> power plants," said paper co-author Frank von Hippel, a senior research
> physicist at Princeton's Program on Science and Global Security (SGS),
> based at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs.
> "Unfortunately, if there is no public outcry about this dangerous
> situation, the NRC will continue to bend to the industry's wishes."
>
> Von Hippel's co-authors are Michael Schoeppner, a former postdoctoral
> researcher at Princeton's SGS, and Edwin Lyman, a senior scientist at the
> Union of Concerned Scientists.
>
> Spent-fuel pools were brought into the spotlight following the March 2011
> nuclear disaster in Fukushima, Japan. A 9.0-magnitude earthquake caused a
> tsunami that struck the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, disabling
> the electrical systems necessary for cooling the reactor cores. This led to
> core meltdowns at three of the six reactors at the facility, hydrogen
> explosions, and a release of radioactive material.
>
> "The Fukushima accident could have been a hundred times worse had there
> been a loss of the water covering the spent fuel in pools associated with
> each reactor," von Hippel said. "That almost happened at Fukushima in Unit
> 4."
>
> In the aftermath of the Fukushima disaster, the NRC considered proposals
> for new safety requirements at U.S. plants. One was a measure prohibiting
> plant owners from densely packing spent-fuel pools, requiring them to
> expedite transfer of all spent fuel that has cooled in pools for at least
> five years to dry storage casks, which are inherently safer. Densely packed
> pools are highly vulnerable to catching fire and releasing huge amounts of
> radioactive material into the atmosphere.
>
> The NRC analysis found that a fire in a spent-fuel pool at an average
> nuclear reactor site would cause $125 billion in damages, while expedited
> transfer of spent fuel to dry casks could reduce radioactive releases from
> pool fires by 99 percent. However, the agency decided the possibility of
> such a fire is so unlikely that it could not justify requiring plant owners
> to pay the estimated cost of $50 million per pool.
>
> The NRC cost-benefit analysis assumed there would be no consequences from
> radioactive contamination beyond 50 miles from a fire. It also assumed that
> all contaminated areas could be effectively cleaned up within a year. Both
> of these assumptions are inconsistent with experience after the Chernobyl
> and Fukushima accidents.
>
> In two previous articles, von Hippel and Schoeppner released figures that
> correct for these and other errors and omissions. They found that millions
> of residents in surrounding communities would have to relocate for years,
> resulting in total damages of $2 trillion -- nearly 20 times the NRC's
> result. Considering the nuclear industry is only legally liable for $13.6
> billion, thanks to the Price Anderson Act of 1957, U.S. taxpayers would
> have to cover the remaining costs.
>
> The authors point out that if the NRC does not take action to reduce this
> danger, Congress has the authority to fix the problem. Moreover, the
> authors suggest that states that provide subsidies to uneconomical nuclear
> reactors within their borders could also play a constructive role by making
> those subsidies available only for plants that agreed to carry out
> expedited transfer of spent fuel.
>
> "In far too many instances, the NRC has used flawed analysis to justify
> inaction, leaving millions of Americans at risk of a radiological release
> that could contaminate their homes and destroy their livelihoods," said
> Lyman. "It is time for the NRC to employ sound science and common-sense
> policy judgments in its decision-making process."
> ------------------------------
>
> *Story Source:*
>
> Materials
> <http://wws.princeton.edu/news-and-events/news/item/us-nuclear-regulators-greatly-underestimate-potential-nuclear-disaster>
> provided by *Princeton University, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and
> International Affairs* <http://wws.princeton.edu>. Original written by B.
> Rose Kelly. *Note: Content may be edited for style and length.*
> ------------------------------
>
> *Journal Reference*:
>
> 1. Frank Von Hippel, Michael Schoeppner and Edwin Lyman. *Nuclear
> safety regulation in the post-Fukushima era*. *Science*, 2017
> ------------------------------
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> Princeton University, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International
> Affairs. "US nuclear regulators greatly underestimate potential for nuclear
> disaster: Nuclear spent fuel fire could force millions of people to
> relocate." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 25 May 2017. <www.sciencedaily.com/
> releases/2017/05/170525141544.htm>.
>
> Princeton University, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International
> Affairs. (2017, May 25). US nuclear regulators greatly underestimate
> potential for nuclear disaster: Nuclear spent fuel fire could force
> millions of people to relocate. *ScienceDaily*. Retrieved May 26, 2017
> from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/05/170525141544.htm
>
> Princeton University, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International
> Affairs. "US nuclear regulators greatly underestimate potential for nuclear
> disaster: Nuclear spent fuel fire could force millions of people to
> relocate." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/
> 2017/05/170525141544.htm (accessed May 26, 2017).
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