[P2P-F] Fwd: ZNet Commentary: Nadia Prupis: FBI Launches Facial Recognition Program

Fri Sep 19 22:17:08 CEST 2014

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From: ZCommunications <no-reply at zcomm.org>
Date: Thu, Sep 18, 2014 at 7:49 PM
Subject: ZNet Commentary: Nadia Prupis: FBI Launches Facial Recognition
Program
To: michelsub2004 at gmail.com

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Nadia Prupis: FBI Launches Facial Recognition ProgramZ Communications Daily
Commentary

The Federal Bureau of Investigation announced on Monday that its facial
recognition software, Next Generation Identification (NGI), is “fully
operational,” cementing the launch of a program that civil rights groups
warn could risk turning innocent civilians into criminal suspects.

“The IPS facial recognition service will provide the nation’s law
enforcement community with an investigative tool that provides an
image-searching capability of photographs associated with criminal
identities,” the bureau said in a press release
<http://send.zcomm.org/wf/click?upn=9PHos1J7-2FD2Lw6jereECeNLGs3ocss1O2kcgD4VkZGxNQKyMz3VkxHcbWOxm-2F-2FK4zNQOFozl5YCGVxHlRDfLMSQ4I06Loc-2Bo2x825m6J2lcbWRvv-2BeQRnk481o0cS5SoAEGg0EOybvWfS636Xzze98Cf-2FYMDxU3rplK-2Bq-2FA1-2BmA-3D_V-2FUUiW5KvBPNV-2FItFYsbuIFOqr58NacNTIV3-2FGcH-2BSDXuzEtrdIEIIi-2F8ph6XH3JIQeK9kCGpKYaT0MadCr6cydFkRlc2KKcFrTY-2BcFa2ZCOAvYm7p9yzj7CCtoWQIIvy3n0mc-2BcDwN-2BQP1plmLfb-2BwAT6206B-2FA493QNYIqvjtJTJjRI8L82IXFXIg6-2FgYRJYmfhxbARnsC2bsbHYzQZw-3D-3D>.
“This effort is a significant step forward for the criminal justice
community in utilizing biometrics as an investigative enabler.”

NGI was initially developed to expand the FBI’s biometric identification
capabilities, but will eventually replace the bureau’s current
fingerprinting system. The program’s database holds more than 100 million
individual records that link fingerprints, iris scans and
facial-recognition data with personal information, legal status, home
addresses, and other private details, and will obtain 52 million facial
recognition images by 2015. One individual may be linked to multiple
images, including those that come from employment records, DMV photos, and
background check databases.

Civil rights and privacy watchdogs have criticized the program for its
invasive—and inaccurate—tactics. The system, a billion-dollar investment
that has been in development with Lockheed Martin for three years, was
found to identify the wrong individual 20 percent of the time, a statistic
which increases over time and as the database expands, the Electronic
Frontier Foundation discovered
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Another report obtained by the Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC)
found that the system had an 85 percent success rate
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when searches were made among clear, front-facing images with no
obstructions.

By compiling mugshots and DMV photos in the same database, the bureau risks
identifying citizens with no records as potential criminal suspects, EFF
said, adding, “This is not how our system of justice was designed and
should not be a system that Americans tacitly consent to move towards.”

Sen. Al Franken (D-Minnesota), former chairman of the Senate Subcommittee
on Privacy, Technology, and the Law, said at a July 2012 congressional
hearing on the facial recognition program that it “could be abused to not
only identify protesters at political events and rallies, but to target
them for selective jailing and prosecution.”

“Data accumulation and sharing can be good for solving crimes across
jurisdictions or borders, but can also perpetuate racial and ethnic
profiling, social stigma, and inaccuracies throughout all systems and can
allow for government tracking and surveillance on a level not before
possible,” EFF said in a letter
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(pdf) to Attorney General Eric Holder.

The FBI defended itself by stating that NGI, which is used by law
enforcement agencies throughout the country, was not meant to give accurate
information, but rather to return a list of possible “candidates.”

“The candidate list is an investigative lead not an identification,” the
bureau told EFF, claiming that because the system does not single anyone
out, “there is no false positive rate.”

Jeramie Scott, National Security Counsel at EPIC, told *Common Dreams *that
the FBI was “again moving forward with invasive surveillance technology
without first fully addressing the privacy risks.”

“Facial recognition, which enables the identification of individuals
without consent, has far-reaching implications for personal privacy and
presents a real risk of mass surveillance,” Scott said. “The E-Government
Act of 2002 requires privacy assessments for technology that collects
personal information, and over two years ago the FBI committed to a privacy
assessment of its use of facial recognition technology. The FBI should
suspend the use of facial recognition until the agency follows through with
its commitment to assess and mitigate the privacy risks associated with
facial recognition.”

Privacy watchdogs also expressed concern over the individual features of
the NGI program, such as Rap Back service, which EPIC said “equates to an
ongoing, continual background check.”

“It is not only used to monitor whether people under correctional
supervision are arrested again, but to constantly monitor civilians in
various trusted positions (e.g. teachers or banker tellers),” EPIC wrote in
a blog post
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“Civilians under Rap Back monitoring must submit their fingerprints and
potentially photos too as NGI now allow photo submissions for civilian
entries.”

There are currently no federal laws limiting the use of facial-recognition
software.

ZCommunications, 18 Millfield St., Woods Hole, MA, USA, 02543
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