[P2P-F] Fwd: ZNet Commentary: Pete Dolack: When Water is a Commodity Instead of a Human Right

Sun Aug 17 18:19:55 CEST 2014

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: ZCommunications <no-reply at zcomm.org>
Date: Sun, Aug 17, 2014 at 7:57 PM
Subject: ZNet Commentary: Pete Dolack: When Water is a Commodity Instead of
a Human Right
To: michelsub2004 at gmail.com

   Is this email not displaying correctly? View it in your browser
<http://send.zcomm.org/wf/click?upn=9PHos1J7-2FD2Lw6jereECeNLGs3ocss1O2kcgD4VkZGxNQKyMz3VkxHcbWOxm-2F-2FK4zNQOFozl5YCGVxHlRDfLMREp4kRGqlR4fuT-2BdbcB-2Fcr4yrPIUcD9s7UM0D-2BoaC4n6pg7ezgDLHC7G9YjQqNISkyVDhulbXs2tN1T8wwBClU-3D_V-2FUUiW5KvBPNV-2FItFYsbuIFOqr58NacNTIV3-2FGcH-2BSDF4A2okHNZ46DGtpfv66eJa9lrhHkXA0P25refViCwDr1UG9cKCtng9OcbTM4qkcI0NESKf0u9q3z37ydGE9hQP7BEjzH-2FvozVW7vnxSagwqx2Xz7JYWdpQWeutqooeDbW6CicvOn08ifJsB0JQHtuCrI63HWrS1RYEHGniHNjzQ-3D-3D>.

Pete Dolack: When Water is a Commodity Instead of a Human RightZ
Communications Daily Commentary

The shutoff of water to thousands of Detroit residents, the proposed
privatization of the water system and the diversion of the system’s revenue
to banks are possible because the most basic human requirement, water, is
becoming nothing more than a commodity.

The potential sale of the Detroit Water and Sewerage Department is one more
development of the idea that water, as with any commodity, exists to
produce private profit rather than to be a public necessity. And if
corporate plunder is to be the guiding principal, then those seen as most
easy to push around will be expected to shoulder the burden.

Thus, 17,000 Detroit residents have had their water shut off — regardless
of ability to pay — while large corporate users have faced no such turnoff.
The Detroit Water and Sewerage Department began its shutoff policy in March
with a goal of shutting off the water to 3,000 accounts per week. Residents
can be shut off for owing as little as $150. That is only two months of an
average bill.

Detroit water rates have more than doubled
<http://send.zcomm.org/wf/click?upn=9PHos1J7-2FD2Lw6jereECeNLGs3ocss1O2kcgD4VkZGxNQKyMz3VkxHcbWOxm-2F-2FK4zNQOFozl5YCGVxHlRDfLMREp4kRGqlR4fuT-2BdbcB-2Fcpvtdp5dNKZDFBeyUeXb7t1nX-2BaGPgWcvLCORBZdHNa60-2FKvCeqbdCb1XVtiYI1zKc-3D_V-2FUUiW5KvBPNV-2FItFYsbuIFOqr58NacNTIV3-2FGcH-2BSDF4A2okHNZ46DGtpfv66eJa9lrhHkXA0P25refViCwDpqLhvJHv4fxQMzaoynIjxqJDExqQQq6fulB2zR-2Fe0ZERZfg-2BlHcyE1yvHen2sIjVUfGUiQ5MO2f-2B7XPfUangtVDTNSPvGOA4BdN9OGW2wCiA7QML6HDck7j9G0gDPfh4Q-3D-3D>
during the past decade, according to *Left Labor Reporter*, and in June
another 8.7 percent raise was implemented. Yet only in July, months after
residential water shutoffs began, did the water department announce it
would send warning notices to delinquent businesses. There is no report,
however, that any business has had its water turned off.

About half of the city’s overdue water payments are owed by commercial and
industrial customers. Forty offenders, according to the department,
have past-due
accounts ranging
<http://send.zcomm.org/wf/click?upn=9PHos1J7-2FD2Lw6jereECeNLGs3ocss1O2kcgD4VkZGxNQKyMz3VkxHcbWOxm-2F-2FK4zNQOFozl5YCGVxHlRDfLMREp4kRGqlR4fuT-2BdbcB-2FcoeNIdMDcSeCM46jEzVgwLhcTKtSf4VXe-2BN3aHuRK6KwZr68rTZJZ94TceMEcDKea8-3D_V-2FUUiW5KvBPNV-2FItFYsbuIFOqr58NacNTIV3-2FGcH-2BSDF4A2okHNZ46DGtpfv66eJa9lrhHkXA0P25refViCwDhLnPe4-2BhxX1-2BmS25Ms1JadilcPjR-2FAD3bhGt7ED8IcJkKcgYTSKGOULnNqA3NtefK9LGpPeqci1YPJmfchQkyeHFKqB3aKYv6gJkmvHHxvan-2B-2FVOGickXNw9E-2B-2BRmTxsQ-3D-3D>
from around $35,000 to more than $430,000. One golf course operator is said
to owe hundreds of thousands of dollars
<http://send.zcomm.org/wf/click?upn=9PHos1J7-2FD2Lw6jereECeNLGs3ocss1O2kcgD4VkZGxNQKyMz3VkxHcbWOxm-2F-2FK4zNQOFozl5YCGVxHlRDfLMREp4kRGqlR4fuT-2BdbcB-2Fcqin7xluepjMZBW0aAqIstm5CR-2F3BxD3kgHKeLpnOmM2PoS7Mmj7XwW7U-2FEULKltrA-3D_V-2FUUiW5KvBPNV-2FItFYsbuIFOqr58NacNTIV3-2FGcH-2BSDF4A2okHNZ46DGtpfv66eJa9lrhHkXA0P25refViCwDhRogPnEfyHVzB3NPviVo3hace-2BflQt1AeTIml0I0cnK4LcrOSAXvXxSnvXOwX4gVkmmshmvYxdWEe1q5kLmp3yTK8rxyQbdaDkXAL0jbASVb-2FEmwvEt9wGmzMFKS7S2og-3D-3D>
.

The same week that the residential water shutoffs began, Detroit Emergency
Manager Kevyn Orr put the water department up for sale
<http://send.zcomm.org/wf/click?upn=9PHos1J7-2FD2Lw6jereECeNLGs3ocss1O2kcgD4VkZGxNQKyMz3VkxHcbWOxm-2F-2FK4zNQOFozl5YCGVxHlRDfLMREp4kRGqlR4fuT-2BdbcB-2FcoCrRx95chw0z5hG63SvpP-2BAJG4WgGYmCy4QkkpLkrNeXN4b8W6nMdDcld4AaoElMI-3D_V-2FUUiW5KvBPNV-2FItFYsbuIFOqr58NacNTIV3-2FGcH-2BSDF4A2okHNZ46DGtpfv66eJa9lrhHkXA0P25refViCwDvUkdxwLdrPm-2B6V4lPMK97hL-2FDup5eq9RB8Ziw1ICmUC-2FEluh-2Ba1VWuT8xa2hVdfBThfY2T78wdcarc8wMzJokl-2BR50d12AWfUFs-2FMlTlaL1tlJSo4crnlsZWJllsPWyuA-3D-3D>.
The department takes in about $1 billion in revenue per year, *The Wall
Street Journal* reports, and collects more revenue than it spends. The
system would potentially be a valuable asset for one of the multi-national
corporations that have taken over privatized water systems around the
world, mostly to the regret of the local governments and ratepayers.

*Reversing the privatization of water*

If Emergency Manager Orr succeeds in selling off Detroit’s water system, he
will be bucking a trend. Dozens of cities in France and Germany have
reversed earlier privatizations and are taking back their water systems
<http://send.zcomm.org/wf/click?upn=9PHos1J7-2FD2Lw6jereECeNLGs3ocss1O2kcgD4VkZGxNQKyMz3VkxHcbWOxm-2F-2FK4zNQOFozl5YCGVxHlRDfLMREp4kRGqlR4fuT-2BdbcB-2FcoTMZvIFYU5lePTHbzuZJDkGciC2-2FN9htuh7AC0PQ4JAKOu0CozZyLnRHhHtw2Oad4-3D_V-2FUUiW5KvBPNV-2FItFYsbuIFOqr58NacNTIV3-2FGcH-2BSDF4A2okHNZ46DGtpfv66eJa9lrhHkXA0P25refViCwDo6uEFcBLmx0BX74oVT8jRx37Cdg7F1U0aPdyNkS4cQVFZlGB7g-2F7iDZVnW83lz4NR49TbJ-2F5pVtk3uhT8KeyqmPug5sfzO59oGUBwcmpmwANjNUDgje2tLE0smDGaWBRw-3D-3D>
after finding that higher prices and reduced services had been the norm
post-privatization. French private water prices are on average 31 percent
higher than in public
<http://send.zcomm.org/wf/click?upn=9PHos1J7-2FD2Lw6jereECeNLGs3ocss1O2kcgD4VkZGxNQKyMz3VkxHcbWOxm-2F-2FK4zNQOFozl5YCGVxHlRDfLMREp4kRGqlR4fuT-2BdbcB-2FcozY9QIEt2GAbF0gDghTE56cYSWPl7-2BSRbc9ZzKU-2F-2FlP97vUAgNw0BpoUDnxrVvMbw-3D_V-2FUUiW5KvBPNV-2FItFYsbuIFOqr58NacNTIV3-2FGcH-2BSDF4A2okHNZ46DGtpfv66eJa9lrhHkXA0P25refViCwDjmL8ABhR8I4vp7GPzbtE9mjkuehacopm-2BJv9-2FDpXSNEjB3SBDRJ-2Bel5QDlFI7Meni-2FjL196KQvS-2BFfYmaN3TQ2dm29v27ecq9ZWzaH4gVCXpd2qZfogUCQN5r1cJfuHew-3D-3D>
water services. Five Pennsylvania towns that privatized their water saw
their rates more than triple
<http://send.zcomm.org/wf/click?upn=9PHos1J7-2FD2Lw6jereECeNLGs3ocss1O2kcgD4VkZGxNQKyMz3VkxHcbWOxm-2F-2FK4zNQOFozl5YCGVxHlRDfLMREp4kRGqlR4fuT-2BdbcB-2FcqDQKZkbn7R7dX7umcf6iq2-2Bq02NorAmiH7Q4CVkjVwo6Cemm4kGxXX9ndaPVcJyoA-3D_V-2FUUiW5KvBPNV-2FItFYsbuIFOqr58NacNTIV3-2FGcH-2BSDF4A2okHNZ46DGtpfv66eJa9lrhHkXA0P25refViCwDpUFchTfkKRUUSss-2Bj0w0xoJYHyYuF0nOijBLogofkIIEsDQw37DxqyBbtTvz-2FVU9ZI-2BuMuYStaAB-2B5xYf69u9mWGda-2BW2pX0SgGlsUE6E2L-2F9CGnJHVu15LzJovayQRHA-3D-3D>
on average.

That rate differential shouldn’t come as a surprise — a government doesn’t
need to generate a profit like a corporation. A water company, like any
other capitalist enterprise, is expected to generate large profits for its
investors and giant payouts to its executives, and thus must extract more
money out of its property.

If the water system is privatized, Detroit’s city budget will receive a
one-time boost, but forgo future revenues and lose control of a public good
built with public money. Nor is there any guarantee that it would be sold
at market value. A utility undervalued would produce quicker profits for
any water company that got its hands on it, and every incentive is for it
to be bought at as low a price as possible.

Banks, however, have already extracted huge profits
<http://send.zcomm.org/wf/click?upn=9PHos1J7-2FD2Lw6jereECeNLGs3ocss1O2kcgD4VkZGxNQKyMz3VkxHcbWOxm-2F-2FK4zNQOFozl5YCGVxHlRDfLMREp4kRGqlR4fuT-2BdbcB-2FcrYB4xuGV6H4sanu1ZXKJeof6nakUruMW4qTMf2oOW2YIBbcYrZXw7U-2Bzn7u479Y58-3D_V-2FUUiW5KvBPNV-2FItFYsbuIFOqr58NacNTIV3-2FGcH-2BSDF4A2okHNZ46DGtpfv66eJa9lrhHkXA0P25refViCwDiLPYnaKl5HRPD2NinU62tu0rVNKDlK04vzNYcMnHxWl4ptDKMsVTpzEe3qmpa9jlgkEYfHPAMyITU-2BmuMyKiqFpoLsueSZFM5pRM3g33eXiLZsc0OC-2FJUqp3yywv2ndSw-3D-3D>
from Detroit’s infrastructure. The water department is believed to have paid
banks penalties of $537 million
<http://send.zcomm.org/wf/click?upn=9PHos1J7-2FD2Lw6jereECeNLGs3ocss1O2kcgD4VkZGxNQKyMz3VkxHcbWOxm-2F-2FK4zNQOFozl5YCGVxHlRDfLMREp4kRGqlR4fuT-2BdbcB-2Fcp0JNjRo0Ha7Hz1AgPo38TXOX9N3WTL5kbqDs46r3vTg8ubRa3LacsmqW4iy8mKy7U-3D_V-2FUUiW5KvBPNV-2FItFYsbuIFOqr58NacNTIV3-2FGcH-2BSDF4A2okHNZ46DGtpfv66eJa9lrhHkXA0P25refViCwDoTpf8SRRYi9MpAH2qbcyq6HN52u-2BDo-2FJFsA7gZuElvrQBCzYeeW64vjTeVD8-2BjoHgG5YW7EhY1A7SyQYLPG82OhqdqWSQDaktz9ZFtvTf9bpRQb8QZ83V2C00twiXSYUg-3D-3D>
to escape its disastrous interest-rate default swaps. Instead of simply
selling plain-vanilla bonds — paying bond holders a set amount on a set
schedule — Detroit (like many municipal governments) became entangled in
various complicated financial derivatives layered on top of its bonds.

Investment banks sold local governments interest-rate swaps as a form of
insurance as a hedge against rising interest rates. But if interest rates
went down — which they did — then the governments would be on the hook for
large sums of money. (That rates would fall was predictable; central banks
cut interest rates as a matter of routine during recessions.) Thanks to
financial engineering falsely sold as “insurance,” the *Financial Times*
reports it will cost Detroit $2.7 billion to pay back $1.4 billion
<http://send.zcomm.org/wf/click?upn=9PHos1J7-2FD2Lw6jereECeNLGs3ocss1O2kcgD4VkZGxNQKyMz3VkxHcbWOxm-2F-2FK4zNQOFozl5YCGVxHlRDfLMREp4kRGqlR4fuT-2BdbcB-2FcpbzWQv34hpe3qdXzpB4O1ee2g-2FPF3V6QfqubD89fOl-2FQREKT8kB6V0CY5fzdVA538-3D_V-2FUUiW5KvBPNV-2FItFYsbuIFOqr58NacNTIV3-2FGcH-2BSDF4A2okHNZ46DGtpfv66eJa9lrhHkXA0P25refViCwDg8I6NNQeJB4SAxi9FhcpR2JGwpBRPc-2BSzpOD5bizRuoQWKg2u2rxOWIoQM9uk245-2FvmxZ2gz4XJZisxnWYK6wYq5JETEH-2BDEeQ8rjWnkz4COWZLWQ-2FRjA8jitdlzXupfQ-3D-3D>
in borrowing — this total includes $502 million in interest payments and
$770 million as the cost of the derivatives.

The $537 million the Detroit water department handed to banks to escape
continued extra payments to cover the swaps is more than four times the
entire past-due water bill, residential and commercial, at the start of the
water shutoffs in March.

*Not so quick to challenge the banks*

Yet there appears to be no effort to recoup any of that penalty money or to
investigate if there was any illegality in the deals. Curt Guyette, writing
for a Detroit alternative publication, *Metro Times*
<http://send.zcomm.org/wf/click?upn=9PHos1J7-2FD2Lw6jereECeNLGs3ocss1O2kcgD4VkZGxNQKyMz3VkxHcbWOxm-2F-2FK4zNQOFozl5YCGVxHlRDfLMREp4kRGqlR4fuT-2BdbcB-2Fcp0JNjRo0Ha7Hz1AgPo38TXOX9N3WTL5kbqDs46r3vTg8ubRa3LacsmqW4iy8mKy7U-3D_V-2FUUiW5KvBPNV-2FItFYsbuIFOqr58NacNTIV3-2FGcH-2BSDF4A2okHNZ46DGtpfv66eJa9lrhHkXA0P25refViCwDlfpg9zezGV0F0UmsrbXc166ruUw0o-2BnoqWGDPCGJ50q78I1SuTCSeqvGIXRiOqU4R8KerjOW5EgybpbPPSbtufEeFVJZXM8M1qmer0y-2B-2FyQADOiaTTaP3f91iBO6Gnxpg-3D-3D>,
said:

*“Given the fact that former Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick, who is now is serving
a decades-long sentence in federal prison for running the city as if it
were a criminal enterprise when these deals went down, [was then in office]
it doesn’t seem unreasonable to at least suspect that something shady might
have been going on.*

*Nonetheless, Orr and the legal team from [corporate law firm] Jones Day —
where Orr was a former partner, and which has as clients both Bank of
America and a division of UBS — have, as the complaint [filed in federal
court by community activists] points out, ‘failed to investigate the
misconduct or take measures to recoup any portion of the $537 million in
suspect termination fees paid to the banks.’ ”*

Both Bank of America and UBS profited enormously from the interest-rate
swaps. Emergency Manager Orr does not seem terribly bothered by democratic
processes, however. He is going ahead with a separate plan to privatize
Detroit’s parking department
<http://send.zcomm.org/wf/click?upn=9PHos1J7-2FD2Lw6jereECeNLGs3ocss1O2kcgD4VkZGxNQKyMz3VkxHcbWOxm-2F-2FK4zNQOFozl5YCGVxHlRDfLMREp4kRGqlR4fuT-2BdbcB-2FcqF7ooK0Ds2ikA1Qi3JFBOMr2sf7lgGb5-2B8K02430K8u3pdtMbV2lu4PZJs-2BLqlAp8-3D_V-2FUUiW5KvBPNV-2FItFYsbuIFOqr58NacNTIV3-2FGcH-2BSDF4A2okHNZ46DGtpfv66eJa9lrhHkXA0P25refViCwDsyx3DDzKbtv1-2B5jnBwdPdyagoH9iBALDIycpfOTF1wox54Y-2Bbwi8fsnikFMkaXuietVrw-2FROQIloGnt-2BOfb1dbNwNHYKEapTX15eRtWPdLq4s3ssa7BjtdDUT3vCXd3wA-3D-3D>
despite the fact that the City Council voted, 6-2, against it. The *Detroit
Free Press* reports that the parking system generates $23 million in
revenue with only $11 million in expenses. This would be another revenue
stream leaving public hands, and the same needs of a private owner to
generate profits would be expected to lead to the same results that
privatizations of water systems and other public services have led.

The people of Detroit are fighting back, through demonstrations, lawsuits,
appeals to the United Nations and in physically blocking crews assigned to
turn off the water. Water is also being turned back on without asking
<http://send.zcomm.org/wf/click?upn=9PHos1J7-2FD2Lw6jereECeNLGs3ocss1O2kcgD4VkZGxNQKyMz3VkxHcbWOxm-2F-2FK4zNQOFozl5YCGVxHlRDfLMREp4kRGqlR4fuT-2BdbcB-2FcrOWua20XzxONp2ihn1HAsZwg38PnwWrzHPWDxeluUeqVMU2xhMUxYloMVaJ84oNwM-3D_V-2FUUiW5KvBPNV-2FItFYsbuIFOqr58NacNTIV3-2FGcH-2BSDF4A2okHNZ46DGtpfv66eJa9lrhHkXA0P25refViCwDkyo8yCxKBXF5q41ZyG4H9EPup0EjubQaX-2FL-2FXiE-2BRfTKeA-2Fh7p10dCVAwNDktvGZ0Xfup54Msrt0nLFuYZVsV-2Bj-2F7wVDnXoM7gK7ndzgF35OkkbdLoRa7jxmCwhevf65g-3D-3D>
for permission from authorities. Activists demand the immediate resumption
of water service for everyone and to make water affordable. Detroit Debt
Moratorium, for example, is calling for water bills to be capped at two
percent
<http://send.zcomm.org/wf/click?upn=9PHos1J7-2FD2Lw6jereECeNLGs3ocss1O2kcgD4VkZGxNQKyMz3VkxHcbWOxm-2F-2FK4zNQOFozl5YCGVxHlRDfLMREp4kRGqlR4fuT-2BdbcB-2Fcp92rMMiVmMmhHYyzZ73ljevdh3CfszbJjM1E-2BTDQN1TXG3qxU8FCCKX9UfBOU5kxQ-3D_V-2FUUiW5KvBPNV-2FItFYsbuIFOqr58NacNTIV3-2FGcH-2BSDF4A2okHNZ46DGtpfv66eJa9lrhHkXA0P25refViCwDhbZMC0AZJT-2BKhLy907ZWTw0Vg2UjEWUmKxFMdOws3Bh7ahG20NmFllzzpuf4UAz7-2BS3vMYRi3CXh41oZDtiN1rtKaUcUfIRcIEkaEeMASRjA1kDAdeh07eEIxVTBLjveg-3D-3D>
of household income.

These efforts have borne some fruit as Emergency Manager Orr issued an
order handing Mayor Mike Duggan managerial control over the water department
<http://send.zcomm.org/wf/click?upn=9PHos1J7-2FD2Lw6jereECeNLGs3ocss1O2kcgD4VkZGxNQKyMz3VkxHcbWOxm-2F-2FK4zNQOFozl5YCGVxHlRDfLMREp4kRGqlR4fuT-2BdbcB-2FcpqzKmuafLbXdPGlMANTuyul6c59-2B880PH6zzNomDIMy7JatWC-2FKGs1A-2FFVE92dFgk-3D_V-2FUUiW5KvBPNV-2FItFYsbuIFOqr58NacNTIV3-2FGcH-2BSDF4A2okHNZ46DGtpfv66eJa9lrhHkXA0P25refViCwDloqNFhR4s4U829YFZWPDbRyScnzpMtSnoSRxbJIQZc3En0ozIlwV1AugyJUMeDgzbR-2FEOVImjEIqZvGyWARgQAEKoK2zRffoOtzSTP-2Ft5WM-2Bm70gQulX8DzLfGa-2BjS48w-3D-3D>
in late July. The department subsequently declared a moratorium on water
shutoffs until August 25.

A commodity is privately owned for the purpose of profit, regardless of
human need; that the commodity is something as necessary as water does not
alter that a commodity goes to those who can pay the most. The market
determines who gets what, or if you get it at all — and the market is
simply the aggregate interests of the most powerful industrialists and
financiers. The agony of Detroit is the logical conclusion of reducing
social and economic decisions to market forces. Detroit just happens to be
the locality that got there first.

ZCommunications, 18 Millfield St., Woods Hole, MA, USA, 02543
 Unsubscribe
<http://send.zcomm.org/wf/click?upn=9PHos1J7-2FD2Lw6jereECeNLGs3ocss1O2kcgD4VkZGxNQKyMz3VkxHcbWOxm-2F-2FK4zNQOFozl5YCGVxHlRDfLMREp4kRGqlR4fuT-2BdbcB-2Fco2bA576BqDljGdiYbdaj31dNNPA-2FpScHJbef8rzI4SSmIWAElFHVDIL7wg1zpKZfgbxyj-2FMOevA7J9I0sFtIn-2BEAptcGJgMP4Q6sGVsBmJRefF7gOL-2Bpja7omwL6kS2m4-3D_V-2FUUiW5KvBPNV-2FItFYsbuIFOqr58NacNTIV3-2FGcH-2BSDF4A2okHNZ46DGtpfv66eJa9lrhHkXA0P25refViCwDu8h-2FtLjCYL8VHcMSuC-2FAEp30cuxmG7lmhCNt-2BkE-2F7zrv-2BcX5gIm5n9k00XR2TED7RPXM3JLlTdE8jO5JmKboIflQgsohCDqvPjl5ra0U0mxONMQqd9Cdun4jTkHFK2BCw-3D-3D>
| Manage Subscription
<http://send.zcomm.org/wf/click?upn=9PHos1J7-2FD2Lw6jereECeNLGs3ocss1O2kcgD4VkZGxNQKyMz3VkxHcbWOxm-2F-2FK4zNQOFozl5YCGVxHlRDfLMREp4kRGqlR4fuT-2BdbcB-2Fco2bA576BqDljGdiYbdaj31dNNPA-2FpScHJbef8rzI4SSmIWAElFHVDIL7wg1zpKZfgbxyj-2FMOevA7J9I0sFtIn-2B3vrXxpqQHOWJJJzIZaKmRA-3D-3D_V-2FUUiW5KvBPNV-2FItFYsbuIFOqr58NacNTIV3-2FGcH-2BSDF4A2okHNZ46DGtpfv66eJa9lrhHkXA0P25refViCwDg-2F7jFg7Sx5enLdXA0X08xfxgSrU-2BLm2VnGMzp4yxi0rsYvgm-2By-2F66ciUCXrUrwVojD5iDqP-2BeChGKDZC6AEM-2FhLDMr5II-2F-2BQO-2BTOWMsWYGKmI-2BithFow4iiROdcHF6lww-3D-3D>

If you'd like to unsubscribe and stop receiving these emails click here
<http://send.zcomm.org/wf/unsubscribe?upn=V-2FUUiW5KvBPNV-2FItFYsbuIFOqr58NacNTIV3-2FGcH-2BSDF4A2okHNZ46DGtpfv66eJruNPGHJeFhny0-2BnmbKN5btXT-2FkJDOr8t3yuwSsW6lA9RSeCExdI-2BgtsKuZIZNEsjyhcPxXDNuBYKS8cGYbB2lM-2FbkZGJa7RkEXLJUklh-2BojmHa3AhKf7OeWp-2FlG1VL9Z82IIUkdIkSQPSVWeWaIEYQ-3D-3D>
.

-- 
Check out the Commons Transition Plan here at:
http://en.wiki.floksociety.org/w/Research_Plan

P2P Foundation: http://p2pfoundation.net  - http://blog.p2pfoundation.net

<http://lists.ourproject.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/p2p-foundation>Updates:
http://twitter.com/mbauwens; http://www.facebook.com/mbauwens

#82 on the (En)Rich list: http://enrichlist.org/the-complete-list/
-------------- next part --------------
An HTML attachment was scrubbed...
URL: https://lists.ourproject.org/pipermail/p2p-foundation/attachments/20140817/20f044bb/attachment-0001.htm 