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<p>elevation. Plants, growing only on the sea-shore in special localities, might become extinct. Others, living only in swamps of a certain humidity,
would, if they survived at all, probably undergo visible changes of appearance. While still greater alterations would occur in the plants
gradually spreading over the lands newly raised above the sea.<B>The animals and insects living on these modified plants, would themselves</B>be in some
degree modified by change of food, as well as by change of climate; and the modification would be more marked where, from the dwindling or
disappearance of one kind of plant, an allied kind was eaten. In the lapse of the many generations arising before the next upheaval, the sensible or
insensible alterations thus produced in each species would become organized—there would be a more or less complete adaptation to the new
conditions. The next upheaval would superinduce further organic changes, implying wider divergences from the primary forms; and so repeatedly. But
now let it be observed that the revolution thus resulting would not be a substitution of a thousand more or less modified species for the thousand
original species; but in place of the thousand<b>original species there would arise several thousand species,</b>or varieties, or changed forms. Each
species being distributed over an area of some extent, and tending continually to colonize the new area exposed, its different members would
be subject to different sets of changes. Plants and animals spreading towards the equator would not be affected in the same way as others
spreading from it. Those spreading towards the new shores would undergo changes unlike the changes undergone by those spreading into the mountains.
Thus, each original race of organisms, would become the root from which diverged several races differing more or less from it and from each other;
and while some of these might subsequently disappear, probably more than one would survive in the next geologic period: the very dispersion itself
increasing the chances of survival. Not only would there be certain modifications thus caused by change of physical conditions and food, but
also in<i>some cases other modifications caused by change of habit. The fauna</i>of each island, peopling, step by step, the newly-raised tracts, would
eventually come in contact<i>with the faunas of other islands; and some members</i>of these other faunas would be unlike any creatures before seen.
Herbivores meeting with new beasts of prey, would, in some cases, be led into modes of defence or escape differing from those previously used; and
simultaneously the beasts of prey would modify their modes of pursuit and attack. We know that when circumstances demand it, such changes of habit do
take place in animals; and we know that if the new<b>habits become the dominant ones, they</b>must eventually in some degree alter the organization.
Observe now, however, a further consequence. There must arise not simply a tendency towards the differentiation of each race of organisms into several
races; but also a tendency to the occasional production of a somewhat higher organism. taken in the mhi these divergent varieties which have
been caused by fresh physical conditions and habits of life, will exhibit changes quite indefinite in kind and degree; and changes that do not
necessarily constitute an advance. Probably in most cases the modified type will be neither more nor less heterogeneous than the original one. In some
cases the habits of life adopted being simpler than before, a less heterogeneous structure will result: there will be a retrogradation. But it .</p>
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