"Prof. Hakim shows how communitarian design was once the normal and substantial way cities of
the Mediterranean basin grew during the last 1,500 years. In one of his most important books, for
example, he explains that according to the 14th century Maliki School’s urban rules the citizens of
Tunis had the right to change the design of the cul-de-sac they inhabited. The only condition was
that they reached a unanimous consent on change, and thus until even just one neighbor disagreed
with the majority, they needed to keep discussing and coping with a solution capable of matching
everyone’s need (Hakim, 2008, pp. 26–27).
ARCHITECTURE WITH IDENTITY CRISIS: THE LOST HERITAGE OF THE MIDDLE EAST 81 Marwa Al-Sabouni
GENERATIVE PROCESSES FOR REVITALIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT 99 Besim S. Hakim
MIDDLE-OUT: HOW COMPLEX NETWORKS MADE OBSOLETE THE BOTTOM-UP VS. TOP-DOWN CONTRAST 109 Alessandro Giuliani
THE ECONOMIC, DEMOGRAPHIC, AND TECHNOLOGICAL EVOLUTION OF THE CITY 117 Antonino Galloni
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