characters???the bodily mhi and structure, and the cerebral mhi and structure. It will also include inquiries concerning the time taken in completing mental evolution, and the time during which adult mental power lasts; as well as certain most general traits of mental action, such as the greater or less persistence of emotionsand of intellectual processes. The connexion between the general mental typeand the general social type

should also be here dealt with. In the second division maybe conveniently placed apart, inquiries concerning the relative mental naturesof the hies in each race. under it will come such questions as these:???what differences of mental mhi and mental complexity, if any, existing between males and females, are common to all races? Do such differences vary in degree, or in kind, or in both? Are there reasons for thinking that they are liable to change by increase or decrease? Whatrelations do they bear in each case to the habits of life, the domestic arrangements, and the socialarrangements? This division should also include in its scope the sentiments of the hies towards one another, considered as varying quantitatively and qualitatively; as well as

their respective sentiments towards offspring, similarly varying. For the third division of inquiries may be reserved the more special mental traits distinguishing different types of men. one clhi of such specialities results from differences of proportion among faculties possessed in common; and another clhi results from the presence in some races of faculties that are almost or quite absent from others. Each difference in each of these groups,when established by comparison, has to be studied in connexion with the stage of mentalevolution reached, and has to be studied in connexion withthe habits of life and the social development, regarding it as related tothese both as cause and as

consequence. Such being the outlines of these several divisions, let us now consider in detail the subdivisions contained within each.

I.???Under thehead of general mental evolution we may begin with the trait of??? 1.mental mhi.???daily experiences show usthat human beings differ in volume of mental manifestation. Some there are whose intelligence,high though it may be, produces little impressionon those around; while there are some who, when uttering even commonplaces, do it so as to affect listeners in a disproportionate degree. Comparison of two such, makes it manifest that, generally, the difference is due to the natural language of the emotions. Behind the intellectual quickness of the one there is not felt any power of character; while the other betrays a momentum capable of bearing down opposition???a potentiality of emotion that has something formidable about it. Obviously the varieties of mankind differ much in respect of this trait. apart from kind of hiling, they are unlike in amount of hiling. the dominant races overrun the inferior races mainly in virtue of the greater quantity of energy in which this greater mental mhi shows itself. Hence a series of inquiries, of which these are some:???(a) what is the relation between mental mhi and bodily mhi? manifestly, the small races are deficient in it. But it also appears that races much upon a par in size???as, for instance, an Englishman and a Damara, differ considerably in mental mhi. (b) what is its relation to mhi of brain? and, bearing in mind the general law that in the same species, size of brain increases with size of body (though not in the same proportion), how far can we connect the extra mental mhi of the higher races, with an extra .